Republic Of China Beijing City Bus Business Research (1935-1948)

Focusing on the development of buses in Beijing during the Republic of China, this thesis discusses about this subject from the following four chapters:Chapter 1 generalizes the modernization of buses in Beijing. The development of buses in Beijing during the Republic of China has closely been connected to the background of public transportation development. Firstly, it introduces the traditional model of urban transportation and the advantages of urban transportation, which have been prompted by modernization of Beijing. Secondly it generalizes the developmental situation of urban buses in Beijing.Chapter 2 discusses about the management status of buses in Beijing. It will analyze three kinds of managing organization forms, namely, municipal owned, streetcar company concurrently operated and joint-stock company-owned, which the development of buses in Beijing during the Republic of China has been gone through. Moreover, it will state the reasons for difficult situation in management and the endeavors that have been done. Finally it will refer to the employment, management and welfare of bus personnel.Chapter 3 introduces the related situations of buses, such as bus equipment, operation course, ticket fare system and vehicle-road communication order. It will present the general situation of buses in Beijing during the Republic of China at the aspect of society.Chapter 4 explores Beijing buses and the problem of modernization of Beijing city . It points out that the slow development of urban modernization has influenced the development of buses, making urban public transportation system dropping behind. Improper policies made by the government and monopolization of buses, which limited financing channels, make the development of buses not get enough capital support. At the same time, it also indicates some effects that buses have brought to modernization of Beijing, mainly from the perspectives of tourism and modern consciousness.Based on the analysis and discussion of the previous 4 chapters, the part, Conclusion, summarizes three questions. These questions are as follows: the fundamental reason that causes buses developing so hard in Beijing during the Republic of China, their limited contribution to modernization of Beijing and the related realistic considerations.