| How to establish and actualize science funding policy, in order to better support and promote innovative research, is the focus of attention of the scientific community and government science foundation. This paper systematically analyzes the innovative research policy of the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) and National Institutes of Health (NIH). From this study, we hope that some basic funding mode of innovative research can be revealed.This paper mainly used literature review, retrospective analysis, comparative study and other methods. First of all, from the description of the innovation concept and its development, it studies the content and classification of scientific innovation, and makes a definition of the innovative research. After this discussion, this paper systematically analyzes the elements which influence the selection of innovative projects in the proposal review process. It differentiates the factors into two catalogues. One is the factors of the peer review system. The other is the elements out of the system. On the basis of theoretical analysis, this paper makes a systematic analysis and a comparative research on the funding policy of innovative research in NSF and NIH. Finally, integrating the discussion of practices in the other science funding institutes, it summarizes and reveals some common characteristics and main funding mode of innovative research in these science foundations.The main conclusions are as follows: there are four main funding modes on innovative research in US science foundation, (1) support innovative research by funding general or ordinary project type; (2) establish a specialized types of applications (or plan) to support high-risk innovative research; (3)support interdisciplinary research; (4) support innovative research by funding"new people". Among these funding modes, ordinary project type is the most common support mechanism; other modes are supplements to the ordinary project type on its some deficiencies. |
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