Less Developed Rural Areas, Small Water Conservancy Market-oriented Reforms

Agriculture is the foundational and strategic industry which theeconomic development of a nation or a region relies on, as so for our suchlarge agricultural and populous nation especially. And the development ofagricultural production is decided in the very great degree by thecondition of the rural water conservancy facilities and water resources.Along with the reform of the rural economic system continues todeepen, the investment and management to the small rural waterconservancy by the government, the rural collective economicorganizations and farmers appear absent gradually, which affected andrestricted the development of the agriculture. In the background of themarket economy system reform, China has begun to learn from themodern theory of public goods and foreign experience to begin themarket-oriented reform of the management system of the small ruralwater conservancy.However, the empirical research to S county Hunan province shows:the reform to the small rural water in China's underdeveloped rural areasis a failure. The main reasons are as follows: firstly, the expected netincome of the small rural water conservancy, and so they lack to theattraction to the market fund. Secondly, the underdevelopment rural areaslack to the necessary financial environment and market environment.Faced with the failure of market-oriented reform of the small ruralwater conservancy in underdeveloped rural areas, it is necessary torethink it and explore the reform pattern suitable for the underdevelopedrural areas. In fact, it is "an excessively marketization" overestimating theactual rural economic and social conditions and blindly copying themodern theory of public goods and foreign experience to carry out themarket-oriented reform to the small water conservancy in the underdeveloped rural areas. Unlike western countries, the binary-rizationdevelopment pattern between urban and rural, the non-balanceddevelopment strategy and inadequate revenue-sharing system lead to thehuge gap in the basic public goods between urban and rural areas, regions,which affect and constrain the economic development of ourunderdeveloped rural areas. Therefore, the "fairness first" should be thebasic value orientation in the basic public goods supply in theunderdeveloped rural areas, so is the small rural water conservancy,which meet the basic agricultural production and living needs of farmers."the government provides fairness, market provides efficiency" is thebasic structure of the modern market economic society. Therefore, thereform pattern of the small water conservancy is the government-ledpattern in our underdeveloped rural areas. The government shouldseriously take up the main duties of investment and management of thesmall water conservancy in the underdeveloped rural areas, at the sametime, guide and support the self-administration to small rural waterconservancy of rural community, and moderately introduce the marketmechanism and strengthen the management and surveillance to the smallrural water conservancy which are suitable to market-orientation reform.