The Analysis Of The Social And Historical Visage Of The Early Period (907～982) Of Qidan Liao Dynasty

The early phase of Qidan Liao Dynasty included the periods that "Taizu", "Taizong", "Shizong", "Muzong" and "Jingzong" reigned. The history is 70 years. There are many unsolved problems in this stage because of the absence and confusion of the historical materials. This paper describes the basic situations of the social history in the prophase of Qidan Liao Dynasty in the basis of collecting and coordinating the all kinds of historical materials, such as traditional historical materials, historical records, corpuses, inscriptions that finished by government as well as private since Tang dynasty, and the historical works in the contemporary era.First, this paper shows the basis of the development of Qidan history, fills in the blanks of the study academically. Influenced by the "羁縻制度" (a system that the leaders of the nomadic people would accept the appointment from the Tang Dynasty and deal with their own businesses) in Tang dynasty, there appeared Qidan tribes in Youzhou, at the same time, and because of the "羁縻制度", they readjusted their Qidan tribes readjusted. Tang Dynasty cut off the ties between the Youzhou Qidan and the natural tribes formally, but Youzhou Qiandan's historical actions indicated the conviction of their relying on each other. Second, standing the shoulder of the senior learners, this paper will make a deep study. The founding of the regime of Qidan Liao Dynasty differed from the revolution which would "break an old world and build up a new world". It inherited and developed the "行朝" politics, (a government of the nomadic people, and according to the nomadic people's customs, the government will move to any place they like according to the climate) on the basis of "因俗而治" (which means to rule according to the local customs). Liao Taizu's historicalcontribution is to make the autocratic monarchy the core of "行朝" politics. Third, this paper will find out and explain the different and common places between the historical materials kept in the south and the north, such as "brothers' rebellion" and "salt pool feast", leader's three-year- tenure system. The author considers that "salt pool feast" was the result of the record spreading abroad that Liao Taizu punished the criminals by national method; that the reason that there were differences between the south and the north historical materials is because there were differences in economical living styles and national customs, which resulted in different ideas between the south and the north; that the leader's tenure is related to the noble selecting system. It is not the true record of Khan's three-year-tenure, but the traditional selecting form of "Dielabu's Yilijin" of Qidan, Fourth, under the correct guidance of the ethnological theory, using that clues in the historical materials, through testing and verifying of the materials found in the unearthed cultural relics, and through the comparison between the related national historical phenomena, this paper further reveals the connection of the historical development between nationalitiesThe visages of social history of the prophase of Qidan Liao Dynasty not only show the traditional influences, but also display the transition from unwritten law to statute law and true cultural fact of Qidan. The north national culture developed with the Han culture, because Qidan let Han culture go hang. The development of the city's architecture of Qidan showed the supporting role of nomad economy, and the political influence of "因俗而治". The idea that "getting rich by raising horses, getting stronger by soldiers" is the main factor that tells the nomad feudalism of Qidan Liao dynasty. It is also the reason that Yingtian empress insisted the Qidan standard politics, and it established the base of "ruling minority groups and Han separately".