| During Pre-Qin period",que(却)"is a multi-meaning word. It has become a complicated,multi-meaning function word during the period of neoteric Chinese."que(却)"has a total original which is the verb that means"tui,shitui(退,使退)". The position of"que(却)"in the form of"que(却)+V"and"V+que(却)"led to it evolved an adverb and an auxiliary word.During Han and Wei dynasty, the adverb function of"que(却)"started to appear in the"que(却)+V"form."que(却)"was a adverb clearly till Tang dynasty. It could be used as"frequency adverbs","manner adverbs","range adverbs","mood adverbs","conjunction adverbs","time adverbs". It has more than ten kinds of meanings such as"za(i再)","you(又)","ha(i还)","reng(仍)","zhi(只)","dou(都)","jingran(竟然)","zheng(正)","qia(恰)","queshi(确实)","you(犹)","shang(尚)","qi""nandao(岂)","nandao(难道)","jiujing(究竟)","ji(即)","bian(便)","jiu(就)","cai(才)". The complicated adverb"que(却)"continued to grammaticalize in the neoteric Chinese. It developed the conjunctions with"disjunctive","concession","hypothesis","selection".Auxiliary word"que(却)"engendered(developed) from the form"V+que(却)". Appearing in early Tang dynasty, it developed rapidly during Tang and Song dynasty. The meaning"diao(掉)"of result complement was its direct origin."que(却)"could be regarded as correlative directional complements in"V+que"in early period. Its meaning showed"tui,shitui(退,使退)"and"qu(去)". Because of the sub-category variation of the former verbs and the development of syntax structures,"que(却)"used as correlative directional complement finally lost the verb function. It became the result complement which meant"diao(掉)". And then, the meaning"diao(掉)"of the result complement was the main meaning and function of partical"que(却)". correlative directional complement and result complement of"que(掉)"had the common feature [+to leave home position]. We call them only-complementary-word. Because the former verbs went on extending and the influence of psychological preinstall, the correlative directional complement"que(掉)"grammaticalized again. It became an auxiliary word which function indicated accomplishment and the meaning was"le(了)". This kind of"que(掉)"grammaticalized once again. It could be re-analyzed a partical that its meaning was"zhe(着)"and which indicated actions continuing as well as posture continuing. And then it became a preposition which function was to introduce comparative items. And it also could be regarded as a word-formation moneme.Summing up the grammaticalization routes and factors of"que(掉)", this thesis could be divided into four parts. The first chapter: prolegomenon. The author of this thesis mainly described the previous research review. We will put forward the train of thought of this issue, and set forth the study methods as well as language material selections. Second chapter: in this section, we will discuss the development,function and meaning of adverb"que(掉)". We will probe all kinds of grammatical meaning and its factors of taking place grammaticalization in detail. Then we will talk about the generating and development of conjunction"que(却)".Third chapter: we treatise the process of coming into being and its grammatical motivations,mechanisms of auxiliary word"que(掉)", as well as the generation of comparative preposition. We also study the meanings and origins of double syllable preposition"chuqu(e除却)"that"qu(e却)"was used as word-formation moneme.Four chapter: summing up the development and the motivations of"que(却)". we shall outline the meanings and development routes diagram of"que(却)"... |
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