| In this present thesis, some genera of Rhytismataceae Chev. were studied in the taxonomic method of synthesizing several characters. The main content included researches on morphology and developmental biology, discussion on the ecology, cultural features, the regulation of ascospora gemination in different condition and enzymology of several species in Anhui, and seven genera taxology.Cyclaneusma, Hypoderma, Hypodermella, Lirula, Lophodermium, Meloderma and Naemacyclus were placed in Discomycetes, Rhytismatales, Rhytiamataceae, according to Cannon & Minter (1986). About 200 samples collected from 16 provinces in China were examined and 7 genera and 18 species were identified. Among them there were 1 new species: Hypodema sabinae; 1 new recording genus and species to China: Naemacyclus fimbriatus; 1 new recombination: Lirula filiformis; and still included 13 species which were nor systematically described or only mentioned simply known from the country. Keys were provided for identification of all recognised species. The anatomical configuration characteristics were depicted and illustrated, also the hosts and geographical distribution were recorded here. Taxological history, anatomical configuration fetures, ecological properties and geographical distribution of these seven genera were summarized and estimated on the basis of referring to former scholars' data. The new species type speciesmen was deposited in the Forest Protection Laboratory of Anhui Agricultural University (AAUFP), Hefei, China.18 species of Rhytismataceae were collected from 16 proviences such as Anhui Provience, Jiangsu Provience, Hainan Provience, Xizhang Provience, Heilongjiang Provience, ect. As a whole this group of fungi presented the main distribution of more species in South and fewer in North because of used to the warm and humid circumstances. The range of host plants were abroad. Most species occur only on a single host gunus, but there were a few species had a wide range of host plants. Two families (Pinaceae, Cupressaceae), 7 genera and 24 speceis of host were involved in the study. This type of fungi infected arboreous live place such as leaves and limbs leading to deseases in different degrees. Sometimes they also infected senile or decaying parts. Commonly the ascomata were produced in the blasted places.The Rhytismatacese fungi collected from the Huangshan Mountains and the Hefei Nersery were isolated by tissue isolation techniques. The biological characters of Lophodermium pini-bungeanae were studied. The results were reported as follows: the optimum temperature ranged from 20℃ to 25℃, and the rate of ascospora germination wasrelatively high at 30℃. Ascospores could germinate in the acidic scope from pH3~9, but the optimum range of acidity alkalinity was pH4-5. The different nutrient substance had great effects on the rate of ascospora germination which was the highest in the 25% glucose and lowered in the solution of 25% decoctde pine-needle, the solution of 2% sucrose , the solution of 20% potato in order. The rate of germination was special low in sterile water. And in the condition of entire darkness the rate of ascospora germination was higher than in the condition of natural alteration of indoor diffused light and darkness ,or the condition of entire light. Ultraviolet radiation restrain ascospores to germinate. The rate of germination was failed along with the time prolonged when the ascospores were treated with UV.The effect of the nutrition, light, temperature, acidity alkalinity and three fungicides on the fugal hyphal growth rate were also studied. The results were reported as follows: the diameter of the fungal colony was linear correlated with time. And the hyphal growth rate in different culture medium, OA>PA>MA PDA, analyzed in the method of regression analysis. The hyphae could grow from 2℃ to 32℃, and the optimum temperature for the hyphal growth was from 24℃ to 25℃. The treatment of light had effects on the hyphal growth. The condition of entire darkness speeded the growth of the co... |
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