| To establish an effective and environmental-friendly processing technology for extracting and separating turmeric oil and curcumin which have important pharmacological action of anti-cancer and anti-oxidation, traditional methods and modern technologies such as supercutical fluid extraction, microwave extraction, molecular distillation, flocculation by natural clarification, macroporous resin purifucation and centrifugal chromatography were systimatically inversigated in this dissertation. Analytical method, process route, isolation and purification factors were studied. By means of UV, HPLC, GC-MS and HPLC-MS, three bioactive compounds were seperated and purified. Under the guidance of relative theories, some significative results were obtained as follow:1. The comparative study of the four different techniques including supercritical carbon dioxide extraction, ultrasonic extraction, microwave extraction and traditional solvent extration was carried out for curcumin. Compared with supercutical fluid extraction, conventional solvent, ultrasonic, and microwave extraction were more effective for curcumin extracting. Under the optimum extraction conditions, the yield of curcumin by these three method were 2.53%,3.22%,3.61% respectively. The microwave assitant extraction method was preferred among the discussed methods with the characteristics of considerable time saving and high extraction efficiency.2. A new combined technique for the extraction of turmeric oil and curcumin by supercritical CO2 and microwave was established. Turmeric oleoresin was first extracted and seperated by the gradient boost and static—dynamic extraction of supercritical CO2 fluid. The result showed that extraction yield of turmeric oleoresin was 8.95%. As compared to the traditional steam distillation, this method had higher efficiency and shorter time. The turmeric powder was then extracted for curcumin using microwave. Under the optimize condition, the yield of curcumin by microwave extraction were 3.22%. The extractives of microwave can be refined much more easily in the following purifying operation.3. The turmeric oil from supercritical CO2 and steam distillation was analyzed by GC-MS. The former method could reserve the originally component more effectively. It was found that the main components of turmeric oil by steam distillation and supercritical CO2 wereα-Curcumene (8.53%,3.92%),α-Zingiberene (5.61%,20.25 %), (β-Bisabolene (1.72%,2.01%),β-Sesquiphellandrene (8.83%,10.83%), ar-Turmerone (31.21%,10.28%),α-Turmerone (17.57%,27.08%), (β-Turmerone (11.74%,8.38%) respectinvly.4. The operation parameters on separation of turmeric oil from supercutical fluid extractive by molecular distillation were studied. The proper condition were pressure 10 Pa, temperature 80℃, feed flow rate 3 mL/min, feed temperature 45℃, rotational speed of membrane stripper 300r/min. The distillate yield of turmeric oil by single step molecular distillation was 81.05%.5. The result of the second step molecular distillation. Analyzed by GC-MS, the proportion of oxygenous sesquiterpenes to sesquiterpenes can be changed to 0.35:1 of evaporant and 1.84:1 of residues from the previous 1.23:1.6. To obtain purified curcumin, the extractive of microwave extracion with pre-treating of SCFE was dealt with natural clarificant, solvent and macroporous adsorption resin.The content of the curcumin was above 85.3%.7. HPLC—electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS)was used for the identification of three curcumin ramification according to mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) of molecule ionic peak and featured fragments. |
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