| Oil-tea (Camellia Oleifera) is a small evergreen tree or shrub belongs to theaceae, which is an important woody specie provide unique edible oil. Presently there is 3.02×106 ha oil-tea forest in China and 26.25 tons of oil was produced annually, average oil output per ha is only 87 Kg, common phenomenon of low-yield has become the bottleneck of oil-tea industry. Lots of research results showed that the lack of extensive management and improved varieties is the main reason, while the nutrition diagnosis and scientific and rational fertilization according to the results of nutrition diagnosis can increase production and efficiency effectively. combined field investigation, field trials and laboratory experiments, used plant analysis, soil analysis and "3414" orthogonal test method, based on soil conditions and new shoot, leaf and root growth and development, and nutrient content of leaf and fruit and nutrient dynamics, this study trying to work out practical nutrition diagnosis systems and reasonable recommended fertilizer program. The main results of are as follows:1. Annual growth characteristics of fruit shoot and root in camellia oleifera. Growth is alternating between shoot and fruit, shoots began to grow slightly in spring in early March, gradually speed up its growth rate, and march-May is the most productive season of spring shoots growth. By the end of May spring shoots stop growing, the fruit volume began to increase rapidly in mid-June to late July. Root 1st growth peak started from December, the number of hair root was more, and 2ed peak after fall shoots growth become slowly.2. Roots distribution of different age in camellia oleifera. The result showed that the roots of Camellia Oleifera centralized in upper soil layer at the depth of 0～40 cm and the circle of 1 m Off the trunk; root range become deeper and wider with the increase of age; the roots have obvious characteristics of tending to fertilizer and water.3. The influence of nutrient deficiency on Roots was studied. Sand culture experiment was employed to study the effects of nutrients deficiency on roots morphological and activity of Camellia Oleifera seedlings, The result showed that the main roots length was inhibited, and root-shoot ratio(R/T) uncoordinated by nutrients deficiency, especially N deficiency; the lateral root differentiation and elongation was significantly reduced when seedlings grown in K deficiency, but promoted in N deficiency; The treatments with nutrients deficiency could reduce roots vigor. To roots development, nutritional imbalance' inhibitory effect was significantly.4. Annual dynamics of macronutrient content in leaf of camellia oleifera was studied. N (nitrogen) concentration in leafs falling as the leaf and fruit growing. In the fruit fast growing period, P(phosphorus) content is rising, while on the oil synthesis phase, element contents falling, P content variation in leafs as same as in fruit. K (Potassium) concentration in leaf is at the highest (6.66 g·Kg-1) in the May 5, followed by a dramatic decline in the process, fell down to the 4.10 g·Kg-1 in June 5, from June 20 to July 20 rose to 5.85 g·Kg-1, then begin to decline again until harvest (3.89 g·Kg-1). K content in fruit increased steadily as fruit enlargement.5. Soil diagnostic criteria and leaves DRIS diagnostic criteria were established. Through analysis of physical and chemical properties of soil in different oil-tea forest, diagnosis of the physical properties of soil and nutrient diagnosis of three-phase was established. using DRIS principle, by measuring the macronutrient content in the leaf respectively, which collected from plant from high-yield and low-yield stand, through statistical analysis, DRIS diagnosis classification criteria, diagnostic plan, and exponential were established, these criteria provides a standard and basis of fertilization.6. Nutritional content differences in the high-yield and low-yield stand and fertilization scheme was studied. Nutritional content differences of soil in the high-yield and low-yield stand were analyzed, soil condition variation in Hunan production area was clarify, the results showed P deficiency is common in these areas. And by the result of "3414" orthogonal test method,17 years-old oil-tea plant should be fertilized with urea 1Kg/strains, super phosphate 1Kg/strains and potassium chloride 1Kg/strains... |
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