| At the first part of the paper, based on the theory of interaction of fluid-solid, the FEM method is used to analyze the dynamic reaction of the model dam. The results show that the affection of compressible properties of water is large. The mechanical properties of the air cushion are studied theoretically. The FEM air isolation model based on the state equation of ideal gas is used to study the effects of air isolation. The calculation results suggest that air isolation can reduce the hydrodynamic pressure significantly and restrain the dam vibrations during earthquake. The air cushion will reduce hydrodynamic pressure for 75%.Forced vibration tests of the model dam, excited by the initial displacement, measurement have been carried out for several cases. The displacement time history is measured using the displacement sensor. Hydrodynamic pressure is measured with pressure sensors. The measuring points are placed on the model dam. According to the hydrodynamic pressure time history of the points, the distribution of hydrodynamic pressure along the dam is determined. The tendency of the dam dynamic response is basically agree with the calculation results. The hydrodynamic pressure is reduced for 70% with air cushion isolation. The result is basically agreed with the calculations and can verified the theoryFor the stability of earth-rock dams under flood discharge, in the second part of this paper, several kinds of slope-protection materials are studied. According to the material property, a type of new flexible slope-protection material applied to overflow earth-rock dams-rubber panel armoring-is presented. The velocity profiles along the channel section are measured using the Laser Doppler Anemometer. According to the velocity distribution, boundary shear and the coefficient of friction between the flow and rubber panel, is determined. The calculation results verified the feasibility of the flexible spillway. |
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