Exploration Of The Modeling Of Low-dimensional Nanomaterials Preparation

Lead zirconate titanate(PZT) is an important piezoelectric and ferroelectric Ceramics material. PZT materials have been widely applied in electron, optics, heat and acoustics due to their excellent piezoelectric, pyroelectric, and ferroelectric properties. There are a variety of methods for the preparation of PZT, such as coprecipitation, solvothermal synthesis and sol-gel process, but the prepared PZT products are mostly in the size of micrometer-scale.In this dissertation, we utilize the advantadges of sol-gel process and solvothermal synthesis: all raw materials can exist in the state of solution and can be mixed homogeneously in the level of molecule or atom. The application of sol-gel process and solvothermal synthesis in the preparation of PZT was studied briefly and the rules or characteristics were also investigated at the same time.1. The monodispersed PZT powders have been obtained via sol-gel-- microwave process in the ethylene glycol. The dimension of the crystalline powder is 50～70nm.2. The characteristics of PZT prepared via solvothermal synthesis have been studied by using PVP as the surface-modifying agent. Furthermore, the PZT products can be dispersd well in the presence ofsuitable PVP concentration, but the too high PVP concentration is disadvantageous to the dispersion.3. The characteristics of PZT prepared via solvothermal synthesis have been studied by using a self-made surfactant quaternary ammoium salt of SUAEIHDI as the surface-modifying agent, the PZT products can be dispersd well in the presence of suitable SUAEIHDI concentration, but SUAEIHDI can't control the morphology of PZT well. The samples are characterized by SEM, TEM, TG-DSC, EDS and XRD, respectively. In our previous work, anionic poly(styrene-acrylic acid) (PSA-A) latex and cationic poly (styrene-acrylic acid) (PSA-C) latex were used as templates for preparing CdS, ZrO₂, CeO₂, TiO₂, Y₂O₃ hollow spheres and Ag/TiO₂, CdS/TiO₂, Y₂O₃/TiO₂, ZrO₂/ZnO, ZrO₂/CeO₂ composite hollow spheres. The effects of experimental conditions on the formation of core-shell spheres are studied and the optimum conditions are obtained. The coating mechanism of the core-hell structure by templating directly on the surface of PSA latex were deeply studied. Then, TiO2 hollow spheres are batch produced successfully based on the mechanism mentioned above.At present, the preparation methods of inorganic hollow spheres by templating against polymer latex were applied in the low concentration of the templates and the inorganic salts, resulting in the low output in the preparation of inorganic hollow spheres in a batch. So was the batch production of ZrO₂ hollow spheres.(the concentration of Zr was only 10^-4mol/L). In this, dissertation, anionic Poly (styrene-acrylic acid) (PSA- A) latex is prepared firstly, then the ZrO₂ hollow spheres are batch obtained by the template of PSA-A according to the formation mechanism of the core-shell spheres.Batch preparation of inorganic hollow spheres is realized successfully by templating against polymer latex directly. Furthermore, the effects of experimental condition on the coating were studied as well, such as the concentration of the Zr salt and formamide. The obtained samples are characterized by TEM, TG-DSC, Size-distribution analyzer and XRD.