Sandwich-type Mixed Phthalocyanine And Porphyrin, And Nature Study

Porphyrins and phthalocyanines are important classes of pigments that have fascinated chemists for many years due to their applications in various disciplines. Both series belong to a cyclic tetrapyrrole family in which the four isoindole or pyrrole nitrogen atoms are able to complex with a range of metal ions. With large metal centers which favor octa-coordination (e.g. rare earths, actinides, group 4 transition metals, and main group elements such as In, Sn, As, Sb, and Bi), sandwich-type complexes in the form of double- and triple-deckers can be formed. Due to the intramolecular - interactions and the intrinsic nature of the metal centers, these novel complexes display characteristic features, which cannot be found in their non-sandwich counterparts, enabling them to be used in different areas. They are versatile materials for electrochromic displays, field effect transistors, gas sensors and as structural and spectroscopic models for the special pair found in the bacterial photosynthetic reaction centers.During the past several years, our research group has paid our attention to Synthesis the porphyrin and phthalocyanine rare earth sandwich complexes with the investigation of their properties. On one hand to develop and prepare the porphyriato and phthalocyaninato ligands with different peripheral substitutes, while on the other hand to develop and simplify the synthetic routes and methods for preparation of the homoleptic, heteroleptic and mixed porphyrin and/or phthalocyanine rare earth sandwich complexes. With our continuous efforts, we have prepared series of symmetrical and unsymmetrical sandwich-type double-and triple-decker complexes. On the bases of this work, we study and characterize the physical and chemical properties of the complexes by means of uv-vis, IR, NMR, mass, X-ray, as well as electronchemical measurements to speculate the molecular structures of the complexes.