| Given the frequency of haze weather in Beijing, high concentration of heavy metal element in the inhalable particle can cause a series of health issues. therefore, it is of great significance to learn the spatial and temporal distribution rules and the geochemical characteristic of heavy metal elements which exist in the inhalable particle in winter and spring. The research, conducted from Jan. to Apr. in 2013, collected the samples of atmospheric particulates(TSP/PM10/PM2.5) by using TH1500 C intelligent medium volume air sampler, which tested 21 elements, including Al, Fe, Mn, As, Hg, Cd, Cr and others analyzed by inductively coupled plasma source mass spectrometer and AFS. This paper mainly studied particle matter and its element concentration distribution characteristics, analyzed the source elements, the evaluation of health risks to children and adults in spring and winter of Beijing. The obtained main results are listed as follows:In the winter, atmospheric particle concentrations of Beijing exceed standard much higher than in the spring, especially in the haze weather, as for the various functional areas and the suburbs of Beijing, the concentration in winter is much higher than in the spring; The highest concentration of Beijing appears around building materials factory in the city area, following the business district(belong to the densely populated areas). The level of PM10 of four kinds heavy metals(Cd, Cr, As and Hg) concentrate in atmospheric particle increase 233%, 306%, 298% and 141% respectively in winter compared with that in spring;while in PM2.5 the,growth are 442%, 309%, 310%, 256% respectively. Compared with the level in spring, in winter concentration degree of each element in the particles is high, especially for the performance of the poisonous and harmful elements, the level was significantly higher than that of PM10 and PM2.5, shows that the poisonous and harmful elements are more likely to enrich in PM2.5.The resource of Beijing air pollution is relatively complex, man-made pollution mainly include vehicle emissions, industrial emissions, and coal-buring.These three kinds of pollution source accounted for 64.53% PM2.5 in winter, accounting for 64.25% of PM2.5 in spring; in Winter, the contribution rate of PM10 is between 53.95% ~ 53.95%, accounted for 58.94% of PM10 in spring; the difference of artificial pollution contribution rate is not significant in Winter and spring.In the urban Beijing the Health risk of is higher during winter than in spring, which is contrast with Beijing suburb; Beijing urban and suburb the non cancer risk is high, which will increase the possibility of disease; in Winter, the existence of Cr and As element in the atmosphere of Beijing, caused the risk of cancer, whose order of magnitude is 10-6, that is to say the increase of every 1 million population will engender one cancer patient, while in spring only Cr exist cancer risk; On the outskirts of Beijing in winter and spring shows no existence of the cancer risk. Compared with adults, the health risk of children is greater. |
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