| The space environment plays a more and more important role in human beings'activities as human beings go deeper and deeper into outer space. The suddenchanging space environment may cause catastrophic event on spacecrafts very easily.The space environment is almost completely controlled by solar activities. Solar windand solar flare are the two main factors to influence the space environment. The fastchanging solar wind, for example the interplanetary shock, can cause magnetic stormand sub magnetic storm by compressing the magnetosphere. The solar flares cancause proton events which could do harm to the spacecraft in the outer space.The earth is surrounding by solar wind all the time. It's necessary to study thesolar wind and its effect on the space environment. The solar wind can be describedmainly by such parameters: velocity vector, temperature and density. In this paper, Ido some study on several kinds of solar wind detectors. Up to now, there are two mainkinds of solar wind detectors which have been sent into the outer space. About thefirst kind, the transducer is an electrostatic analyzer and a micro channel plate or amultiple Channel Electron Multipliers (CEMs) is also equipped. Sometimes, anelectrostatic analyzer cooperating with a time-of-flight system can get thecomposition of solar wind with high precision. About the second kind, the transduceris Faraday cup. The two kinds of detectors have different advantages anddisadvantages. Both of the two kinds of detectors can obtain the spectral of E/Q ofions. Then the velocity, temperature and density distributions can be obtained by E/Qspectral. The common disadvantage of the two kinds of detectors is that the timeresolution is not very high. The highest is about 30 seconds. Higher time resolution isvery important in detecting fast changing solar wind, for example the shock. The FastSolar Wind Monitor (FSWM) which is developed by China and Russia, adopts acompletely different method to detect the solar wind compared to the other kinds ofsolar wind detectors. It's time resolution is higher than 1 second. FSWM can give fivesolar wind parameters which are velocity (three components), density and temperaturevia almost simultaneous measurements of six Faraday cups. The angular and othercharacteristics of Faraday cup are simulated in this paper, and the experiment resultsare presented to compare with the simulated results. The method of how to fastdetermine the parameters of solar wind is also presented in this paper. The results ofsimulation and experiment are beneficial to developing the FSWM.The proton event is another important factor to influence the space environment.Proton event, which is mainly caused by solar proton flare, can destroy the spacecrafts,satellites and kill the astronauts in the outer space. The space environment monitoraboard on FY-2C satellite can give some alerts about proton event in a short timebefore the proton event occurring. In order to make long time alerts, to study theflares in erupting mechanism is necessary. The temperature and emissionmeasurement are two very important parameters of solar activity region in the softX-ray band. The change of temperature and emission measurement of solar activityregion may present some information on the mechanism of the solar flare. The solarX-ray detector aboard on FY-2C can give the X-ray flux of the sun all the time. In thispaper, I give the temperature and emission measurement of the solar flare via somechannels flux data of the solar X-ray detector. The method is least square fit. Thecalibration results of solar X-ray detector and the different arithmetic of least squarefit are presented in this paper. I present the procedures of obtaining the parameters oftemperature and emission measurement in detail. I also give some examples in thispaper. The results can reflect the characteristics of the plasma in the solar activityregion well. In a further word, the results are very helpful to study the solar flares andspace weather forecast. |
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