Numerical Study Of The One-dimensional Photonic Crystal Band Gap And Defect Mode

Photonic crystals is a new type of optical material with photonic band gap, it is proposed in the 1980s. Because of their peculiar properties in controlling photonic propagation, they have tremendous application or potential applications in optical fiber communication, photonic computer and other fields. For example photonic crystal fiber(PCF),it is a kind of novel optical waveguide material and was discover in 1990s.Compared with common optical fiber, photonic crystal fiber has its unique characteristics: endless single-mode ,large NA, unique dispersion and super continuum etc. Therefore, the study on characteristic and applications of photonic crystal is being attached more importance to, and become a subject of active research in the world.Photonic band gap structure of photonic crystals indicate its primary property. So, the study on photonic band gap structure is an important part of basic research on photonic crystals. Photonic crystals includes one dimension(1D),two dimension(2D) and three dimension(3D) photonic crystals according to the special periodic dimension. At present the analysis and manufacture of 3D photonic crystals is difficult, as a result, researchers have study 1D photonic crystal in more field. Some researchers think 1D photonic crystals is becoming a new type of optical material in further. All of these may provide a reference for designing the 2D and 3D photonic and optical elements.In this paper, Production, structure, design and application of photonic crystals are reviewed and new progress in the research of photonic crystals is also presented and we deduce the transmissions equation of photonic crystal on the base of Maxwell equation and 1D transmission matrix. An eigen matrix method is reported to numerically simulate the variational law of band gap of one-dimensional photonic crystals, then we numerically simulate the relation between the band gap with flaw of photonic crystals and the inserted dielectric layer, and also , the effect of the refractive index to band gap of three-element photonic crystals is studied detailedly and we analyse these result.