| With the development of economic globalization, a country's economic development and changes in global economic development are closely linked, any country changing the face of the world economy are not immune. From the first half of 2007, the U.S. mortgage credit risk began to emerge, then, sub-prime mortgage crisis, and quickly engulfed the entire world become a global financial crisis. Under the influence of the crisis, a marked decline in China's exports, the stock market plunge, GDP growth slowed down. To achieve the strategic objectives of our development, we must proceed from China's reality and take effective measures to expand domestic demand. While the international market-oriented focus of a foothold in the Mainland Chinese market demand, in order to promote stable and healthy development of China's economy.The financial crisis on China's export-oriented development strategy to promote economic growth, the formation of pressure. Since reform and opening up, export-oriented pattern of economic development, stimulating rapid economic growth, also increased external dependence of our economy. From the 20th century, since the early 90s, China's dependence on foreign trade increased by 30 percentage points between 2002 and 2004, China's dependence on foreign trade is almost 10 percentage points to annual growth rate of rise, even though a slight decrease in 2005, also reached of 63.89%. With the growing foreign trade, China's economy has been sustained and rapid growth. However, the U.S. economic slowdown, dragging down economic growth in developed countries, leading to a global decline in spending power, but also to a sharp decline in China's export trade, export-driven economic growth and challenges. In 2007, the United States and Europe weakened demand for imports, China's monthly export growth rate in February 2007 from 51.6% to December of 21.7%. The U.S. sub-prime mortgage crisis decline in the growth of China's exports on the one hand will cause China's economic growth slowed to some extent the same time, due to China's economic growth slowdown in the demand for labor is less than the social labor supply, coupled with a large number of export processing enterprises The closure of the employment pressure on society as a whole would increase. In this case, the central authorities put forward to maintain growth, controlled inflation, "guarantee a controlled" macro-economic control targets. Premier Wen Jiabao's government work report in 2008 pointed out, we should continue to implement the strategy of expanding domestic demand to economic growth and lead to domestic demand up.According to the International Monetary Fund and World Bank statistics,90 years in the world since the 20th century, the average consumption level of 78-79%, the proportion of GDP, consumption accounts for an average of 62%, while China's 2003 consumption rate was 43%, the final consumption rate was 55%, as compared with the major economies, China's consumption rate, total consumption rates are generally low 20 percentage points. At present, China's consumption rate has hit a record low. Accordingly, some scholars have put forward China's consumption rate should be raised 5 percent to about 60%, or nearly 65% of the level of East Asian countries; there are scholars believe that China's consumption rate is normal, do not believe that the low consumption rate. Given that consumption-savings ratio and its influencing factors of international differences in the complexity, multi-faction of economists have not yet set out a unified theory of the different economies, differences in consumption rate between. And simple comparison is obviously not convincing the international landscape, but our typical dual economic and regional differences in the larger countries, coupled with tradition and culture and other non-economic factors on the proportion of consumption, savings and produce combined effects, therefore, only through international or inter-regional horizontal comparison can not determine the appropriate rate of consumption in China. This paper will combine the reality of our country and the international classic consumption function:Milton Friedman and Franco Modigliani consumption function calculation of the appropriate rate of consumption in China. The increase in the consumption rate, the policy recommendations to promote domestic demand, domestic major study focused on consumer demand theory, including stability and consumer psychology, and optimize the consumption environment, changing the tax system, etc., but this article will provide an upgrading of consumption structure, based on the consumption rate of the countermeasures and proposals.Consumption structure refers to certain socio-economic conditions, people in the consumer in the process of consumption. of different types of consumer information on the relationship between the ratio, which reflects the specific content of people's consumption, the level of consumption, consumer quality and satisfaction of people's consumption needs conditions. With the socio-economic development and people's rising income levels, consumption structure objectively demonstrated by the survival of low-level consumption to a higher level of consumption and enjoy spending escalating,-optimized rule. However, this optimization process is often constrained by many factors and can not be done automatically, when the optimization and upgrading when the time comes, but also a strong driving force to promote and accelerate the process.Insufficient domestic demand in recent years, one of the important reasons is that our survival of the population-based demand has basically been to meet and enjoy a positive type, developmental needs of upgrading the transition, but the industrial product structure, consumer policy, consumer environment and consumer attitudes and the like are lagging behind the consumer structural upgrading changing needs, resulting in. a surplus on the one hand a number of products on the market, prices slump, on the other residents of certain consumer demand is not being met. Thus, in the world economic slowdown, export demand, the greater difficulty of the situation, the promotion of the consumption structure upgraded to seek new economic growth point to determine the goal of optimizing the consumption structure has become the present and future stability of a period of sustained economic growth, structural adjustment a crucial element.Household consumption structure of China's problem is that there are many reasons, mainly in the following areas:Engel's coefficient is still relatively high, diet is also to be further improved; family housing spending is still low, living conditions also require further improvement; labor modest increase in consumption, which increased by a significant reduction in transportation and communication and education in the proportion of household consumption is also still low; family leisure spending is low, and the quality is not high. China's consumption structure of the problems in the final analysis is due to the overall household income levels are not high, the income gap between the family is too large; the housing market does not regulate lead to lower household expenditure on housing consumption; third makes the domestic service industry lags behind consumption is obviously insufficient; consumption, lack of education of family leisure and consumption quality is not high. For these reasons affect the optimization of the consumption structure of China's population, resulting in consumption quality is not high, the total increase can not be good. Therefore, to optimize the consumption structure of China's population, and thus make our consumption to be high-quality upgrade, the key is to develop productive forces, and comprehensively improve household income, especially income of the farmers and urban laid-off workers household income, improve income distribution system, reduce the income level gap; accelerate the pace of the socialist market economic system, so that market reform and improvement of living closely linked to the consumer; to take various measures to expand people's housing consumption to create the conditions, the Government should continue to strengthen macro-control of the real estate market, further improve the housing management system, adjusting the structure of housing investment, and constantly satisfy the growing demand for housing low-income families, focusing on the development of affordable housing (housing program), perfect affordable housing based housing supply system, and strengthen market management standardize the housing market; vigorously develop the tertiary industry, accelerate the development of domestic service, attention to the development of family services, improving the proportion of household labor consumption, efforts to develop culture and education to raise the overall level of the family's spiritual and cultural consumption; positive development of leisure industries, and improve family leisure spending quality; and promote scientific consumption, use of modern civilization to guide the development of household consumption.In short, whether it is standing at a historical point of view horizontally or with an international comparison, China's consumption rate is at a low level, in the international financial crisis, China's export-oriented development strategy of stimulating economic growth have already been greatly The pressure, the Government investment in a relatively stable level, in such a background, to expand domestic demand to achieve the strategic goal of China's economic development the only way. As China's household income stratification increasingly evident, with the corresponding levels of consumption will become increasingly refined, the consumer as a consumer of a micro-level, its development and changes of law studies will become increasingly important, problems will be studied more and more consumption, structural optimization problem is drop in the ocean. Optimization of the structure of household consumption as there is no absolute standards, the paper in which China's current stage of economic development, combined with the structure of household consumption as the main problems, proposed a rough relative standard, and on this basis for further analysis. |
PDF Full Text Request