Study On Relationship Of Ploy-centric Structure And Commuting Efficiency

Study of domestic and foreign scholars generally agreed that, urban spatial structure and transport efficiency is closely related to each other. Urban spatial structure has multiple levels of meanings, in which research results of mono-centric structure and poly-centric structure's impact on traffic trip has a great distinction. As China's traditional representative of a single center of mega-cities, continuing deterioration of population explosion,traffic jam and environment pollution have become the important factors of restricting urban operating efficiency and enhancing city competitiveness of Shanghai. Therefore, select Shanghai as the empirical study object, not only beneficial to explore the essence of dispute of mono-centric structure and poly-centric structure' impact on traffic trip, but also conductive to integrate the actual situation, put forward appropriate spatial model for traffic trip of Shanghai, provide support and basis to guide domestic metropolitan spatial structure's healthy development.This article on the basis of comb research results at home and abroad systematically, developed the basic framework of this study. Based on the legal unit employment quantity and land area data of Shanghai's each neighborhood (town or village) in 1996 and 2004, make use of the spatial analysis function of ArcGIS software, the research has carried out the empirical examination of spatial structure evolution of Shanghai,and analyzed its influence to the travel trip. Refer to the abroad classical definition of employment center, the paper has defined the employment center in central city of Shanghai.By the questionnaire investigate of commute traffic which aimed at employee sample in employment center, the article has compared and analyzed the commute character of employment center, judged the commute efficiency of poly-centric structure. Take employment center and employee sample as the elementary unit of quantification research separately, combined with the visual angle of employment migration and residence migration, the paper made the fully explored and in-depth analysis of commute trip's mechanism of poly-centric structure. At last, from the point of view of city plan, the article put forward several spatial strategy and police advice to promote commute efficiency of Shanghai. The main conclusions of this research are:from 1996 to 2004, because citywide mono-centric structure had not changed thoroughly, metropolitan residents'trip distance and trip time raised dramatically, but the slight decline of central city's trip time owed to historical convert of its spatial structure from mono-centric to poly-centric. The research defined 13 employment centers in central city:waitan neighborhood,huaihaizhonglu neighborhood,weifangxincun neighborhood,guangzhonglu neighborhood,jingansi neighborhood,changshoulu neighborhood,daqiao neighborhood,xujiahui neighborhood,tianshanlu neighborhood,wujiaochang neighborhood,hongmeilu neighborhood,bonded area of waigaoqiao and youyilu neighborhood. In the quantification research of the employment center as the basis unit, the paper found that distance from CBD is the most important factor influence the mean one-way commute time of employment center, reflecting that to a extent, the poly-centric structure of central city have shorten commute time.In the quantification research of the employee as the basis unit, the paper found that commute distance is the uppermost factor which influence the commute time of employee, reflected that job-residence's balance locally is very efficient to shorten the commute time of employee. In addition, the research of employment migration and residence migration's effect to the commute character confirm that, the transfer of job from city core to outer-ring and the enhancement of job-residence's balance are beneficial to promote commute efficiency.