| The concept of niche in complex ecosystem was introduced to the domain of county-level evaluation. After collecting a number of statistical indicators from 67 county-administrative regions of Fujian province in 2007, the index system of economic niche with 16 specific indicators, the index system of social niche with 9 specific indicators and the index system of environmental niche with 11 specific indicators has been built, so as the comprehensive index system composited of economic, social, and environmental niche (36 specific indicators). The mether of factor analysis was used to calculate the composite scores of economic, social, environmental and integrated niche about different counties (cities) in Fujian province. By arranging each result according to descending order, the development levels of each county in Fujian province was evaluated. After considering composite scores of niches as spatial attribute value, the Moran'I index, Moran scatter plot and LISA index from spatial statistics were used in order to explore the global spatial autocorrelation as well as local spatial autocorrelation and analyse spatial characteristics of each niche of counties in Fujian province.Global spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that the global Moran'I indexes of 4 niches about different counties (cities) in Fujian Province in 2007 were 0.1679, 0.2568, 0.4949 and 0.2291, which showed significant positive correlation between the global spaces. According to the results of local spatial autocorrelation analysis (Moran scatter plot and LISA index), we could educe that the spatial distributions of 4 niches about different counties (cities) in Fujian Province were of non-equilibrium which was mostly embodied in two aspects:1) The spatial distributions of niche scores in different counties (cities) were of non-equilibrium, which revealed a dual space division. Areal differentiation, specifically the differentiation between coastal areas and inland mountainous areas was very obvious, and the development between the two areas was not synchronized. To be specific, in economy aspect, Fuzhou-Changle was the growth pole of coastal counties (cities) in the space, so as Xiamen-Jinjiang. And the counties (cities) located between the two poles developed better, whose economic niche score was higher than the provincial average in Fujian Province. The ranking of economic niche score of Xiamen and Fuzhou was No.1 and No.2. However, the development of inland mountainous areas appeared relatively slow. Among the 42 counties (cities) whose economic niche scores were in the"low-low"and"low-high"quadrant of the Moran scatter plot, there were 30 inland counties. And Zhenghe became the backward economic development area center in northern Fujian. In society aspect, the spatial distribution pattern between social niche and economic niche was similar, but the number of inland mountainous counties located in the backward economic development area was more. These inland mountainous counties accounted for 46.27% of the total, and their total area was more than half of the province, which showed that the dual space structure of southeast coast and inland mountain areas was more evident. In environment aspect, the space differentiation of environmental niche was very different from the economic and social niche. The rations which fell on"hot spots"quadrant and"cold spots" quadrant of the Moran scatter plot accounted for nearly 90 percent, and the polarization degree was most obvious. Counties located in the northwest side of the line which connected Shouning and Yongding were in good environmental conditions, and a environmental niche high-level gathering appeared in the west side of Fujian Province. Yet the environmental niche score of the counties (cities) located in southeast side of the line was under the average provincial level, and a significant environmental niche"cold"area was formed near the economic growth pole in coastal areas. The spatial differentiation of economic, social and environmental integrated niche was between the economic and environmental niche, and the ratio of counties (cities) fell into the"hot spots"and"cold spots"quadrant was 62.68 percent. Some northwestern counties (cities) in Fujian Province whose environmental conditions were pretty good, some southeast coastal counties (cities) where economy developed well, and the areas in middle of Fujian province where economic, society and environment were of coordinated development, demonstrated an integrated high-value niche aggregation. Meanwhile, the counties in north-east and the most southern regions of Fujian province fell into the"cold"area of slow development. To analysis from the number of binary-structured counties (cities), the number of counties (cities), whose niche(except environmental niche) scores were in the"cold spots"quadrant of the Moran scatter plot, were more than the ones whose niche(except environmental niche) scores were into the"hot spots"quadrant. The result indicated that the economy social development of the majority of counties (cities) in Fujian province needed to be further strengthened.2) Most counties (cities) could not coordinate the development in the economic, social, environmental dimensions, and failed to properly deal with the relationship between economy social development and ecological environmental protection. Comparing the four scores of economic, social, environmental niche in a county (city), we could find that the scores ranking of four niches in counties (cities) were uneven. The number of counties (cities) whose economic, social, and environmental development can be more coordinated was only three. Comparing the spatial distributions of economic, social, environmental and integrated niche, the spatial distribution pattern of four niches was different. What's more the pattern of space division between economic and environmental niche was opposite, which also showed that the development between economy, society and environment was of non-balanced.Some proposals are put forward based on the above analysis, which provided a theoretical basis for the development strategy of county in Fujian province. |
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