Research On The Female Human Capital Investment In Chinese Rural Areas

In recent years, with technological progress and industrial restructuring in rural areas, male labor force has flowed into eastern cities and more developed regions. Thus female who involved in the main agricultural production activities have become the main force in new rural construction. This trend indicates both opportunities and challenges. For the positive side, it exploits the social value of rural female and facilitates the social goals of the equality of genders. However, due to the impact of political, economic, historical, cultural and other factors, compared to rural males or urban female, rural female have limited access to education, job training, health care and labor transfer and other investments, which not only impede the development of rural female but also greatly restricted the economy growth in rural area and divert from building a harmonious socialist society.Rural female plays a significant role in promoting rural economic growth, narrowing the urban-rural income gap, speeding up the process of urbanization, realization of rural surplus labor transfer and the protection of ecological environment. As'half of the sky'of the new society, rural females also play a vital role in the preparing family nutrition diet, caring for the health of family members, influencing the education degree and values formation of descendants, lowering fertility rate and improving farmer's income, etc. Therefore, investigation into the rural female human capital investment and exploration of the advancement of rural female's countermeasures drive the significant importance as to promoting China's modernization.This paper firstly addressed rural female human capital investment, and then applies the theory of human capital to analysis of rural female's human capital investment to seek the solution to the vicious cycle of human capital investment chain, and promotion of the overall quality of rural population in China, and thus facilitate the healthy and rapid economic development in rural area.Chapter I presents the background and significance of research. Through a review of domestic and foreign research, the uncovered issues are identified for further research. In Chapter II, Human Capital and Human Capital investment are defined respectively with summarized characteristics. In addition, the main manners of human capital investment and the main investment entities and in particularly the characteristics of human capital investment in rural females are discussed. Chapter III analyzes the status of human capital investment in rural females from investment in education, job training, health care and labor force transfer separately, in order to find a breakthrough of research. The underlying rationale for the phenomenon is also elaborated from the system, ideology, and social division perspective. Chapters IV and V evaluate the utilities of human capital investment in rural females from the macro-and micro- perspectives and indicate the imperativeness of the investment. Based on previous research and findings, Chapter VI provides relevant recommendations regarding to China's basic condition from government, business, and society and family aspects respectively.This study is expected to provide some guidance as to improving the overall quality of rural females, promoting rural economic development and the construction of a harmonious society.