Study On Historical Agricultural Geography Of The South Areas In Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

The south areas of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region takes west our country the important agriculture and animal husbandry habitat, its agriculture and animal husbandry concurrently camp's economical characteristic had had since old times. In the historical perpetual flow, its' development presents continuous and the fluctuation disposition union characteristic. In addition, as a result of the special geography and the climatic conditions, the south areas of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region display the region characteristic in the development. its' ecological environment is frailer. In historical period's development course, some local population's rapid rise and the humanity to the nature high strength development, had caused the ecological environment to a great extent the worsening, whitch has the very tremendous influence to people's production and life today. Therefore, by researching and analysising its' animal husbandry development process and location of production in historical period, lessons learnedand learn lessons, guides adroitly action according to circumstances, development reasonablely,whitch provides uses for reference for this areas' farming and animal husbandry economic development now.This paper contains eight parts: part I:preface: This parter elaborated mainly this article selected topic background, the research mentality and the method, the research present situation, the characteristic and the innovation and so on. The second part elaborated the geographical position of the south areas of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and the light heat and the water resources' condition distribution and the characteristic which influes on the agriculture and animal husbandry development. The third part has conducted interval research to this area's gricultural development condition from the prehistoric to the end of the Qing by picking cancelsand combs historical data and so on histories in form of biographies literature, unearthed literature, travel notes material and archaeology cultural relic. The fourth part has carried on the elaboration to this area's animal husbandry in historical period mainly rested on all kinds of literature and the archaeology material objects and inquires animal husbandry existence into two forms whitch congtians folk raising livestock and official raised livestock, two different raising ways whitch conludes family raising livestock and the ravine moves . The fifth part has made the inquisition to crops' planter and the distribution in this area through the material analysis. In overall looked, before the Qing Dynasty, this area's grain crops are mainly the millet, the sorghum, the millet, the bean, Mai Hedao and so on. Hereafter, high-yield crop planters such as wheat, corn and paddy rice hadexpanded gradually, while crops' such as millet, sorghum, millet planters had reduced. It's crops also have at the same time the species which were cultivated in the westen and East of Asiadand's modernized agriculture origin, because it situated at the Asian center and place of the thing agriculture origin connection. And its' unique climatic conditions have also bred the fruits and melons economy which is characteristic. The sixth part is the distinction which has made the elaboration to this area's main livestock. The seventh part has analyzed the influence of natural disaster whitch congtains the hot blast, the flood, the heavy snow, the drought and the earthquake upon the farming and the animal husbandry. Finally I elaborated the relations between the agricultural production and the ecological environment vicissitude. And then I get the congclusion that the farmland spate flooding irrigation, only filled the irrigation way by people in the historical period which did not arrange to cause the farming secondary salt alkaloid production, and then caused the farmland gradually salination. The high strength development in ecology vulnerable area, Thecultivation way of uncontiueed plows and puts the uncultivated land and the huge population pressure had broken the local ecosystem to be balancedin a great extent, thus has urged the desertification acceleration.