| Since 20th century the 90's, on the one hand, the unprecedented strengthening of global economic ties, almost all of the world's economies into the global market, the domestic value chain will be extended to a global scale; on the other hand, is a division of labor within the world space conducted in different countries, different regions in accordance with their commitment to the comparative advantages of different production processes, reflected in the value chain fragmentation. Fragmentation of global value chain is not scattered disorderly, but the formation of a local industrial cluster, showing a geographical aggregation. However, the industrial clusters in different countries in the global status of the value chain is different from that of the industrial clusters in developing countries has been governed position, easily to control by the developed countries, resulting in a number of risks. This paper is in this context, the study of global value chain perspective of China's industrial clusters risks.Industrial clusters and global value chains integrates into each other. To a single enterprise from design, R & D, production and marketing to deal with the recovery of the value of the different segments of the chain of distribution to the different enterprises, the industrial cluster gave rise to the basic value chain. When the value chain in the open condition, the external value of the relationship will be the impact of participation in the global value chain in the process of global value chains and other aspects of the value of the exchange took place. In this way, industrial clusters embedded in the value chain on a global value chain. These "clips" gathers to form of local industrial clusters. This gathering is not only the role of agglomeration economies, but also by the global value chain governance requirements.This paper focuses on the use of global value chain analysis of the four dimensions of the framework to study the risk of industrial clusters. Global value chain research on four general areas: "input - output" structures, regional, governance structures and institutional frameworks. In the global value chain "input - output" structure, the developed countries in possession of the cluster with high value-added strategic links like design, R & D, marketing. Developing countries such as China develops the manufacturing clusters such a low additional value of non-strategic segments. Clusters in developing countries often would be facing the "hollowing out" and "marginalization" of risk; Global value chains so that the regional chain various links in different areas, the chain between the upstream and downstream dependencies easily lead to "one with all, a loss will also be ruined "situation; In the global value chain governance structure, clusters of developing countries vulnerable to transnational corporations, global buyers and function of the path-dependent lock, upgrade the delay function can not be completed; Global value chains is the institutional framework for the impact of domestic and foreign policy system, policy-makers "creating cluster", encouraging specialization and, new trade protectionism abroad have become factors of risk of a cluster.This paper selects the footwear industry of China's Fujian Jinjiang empirical cluster. After nearly three decades of development, Jinjiang footwear industry cluster has made tremendous achievements from participating the process of the global division of labor which improving technological level and the quality of human capital, upgrading of products. But in the face of an increasingly grim economic situation, industrial clusters under increasing pressure to upgrade.Based on the above analysis, this paper is given three measures to deal with the risk of developing clusters, including overcoming the quasi-hierarchy of control, a clear function of the Government to strengthen the clusters by improving policy support and services, and encouraging the clusters to innovate independently and to build innovation system. |
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