| Shanxi Province has a long history of sericulture production and it has made some contribution to economic development.In recent years,due to impacts of market economy, sericulture industry in Shanxi Province unbalancedly develops after twists and turns.Some counties have developed it to dominant industry,and some counties are facing atrophy of it. With accelerating development of rural economy and stepwise adjustment of industrial structure,it is necessary to explore economic advantages and development space of sericulture industry,compare and analysis benefit with grain crops,and find competitive power of pod compared with other agricultural products in market,so that it will show clear direction for the industry development.It is also beneficial to dominant areas to seize opportunity of "Transferring Mulberry From East to West" project.It will transfer sericulture industry from quantity type to quality and economy type,promote it healthily and steadily develop toward large scale and industrialization,which is significant to increase farmers' income and promote new rural construction in socialist society.Through spot check about sericulture and grain production of 100 farmers in 9 counties where sericulture is the dominant industry of Shanxi Province in 2004-2006,this article studied benefits among different farmers,years,and between sericulture and grain crops,and main factors that effected sericulture benefits.By comparison and analysis,the results were showed as followed.1.Sericulture benefits among farmers were widely different.Average sericulture numbers of farmers with pod production under 40 kg/667m~2 were 0.71 sheet/667m~2,average pod production were 40.93kg/sheet,whose benefits of sericulture were the minimum.Average sericulture number of farmers with pod production in 40 kg -70Kg and 70 kg-100Kg/667m~2 were 1.79 times and 2.65 times of farmers with pod production under 40 kg/667m~2,cocoon production per sheet increased by 2.39%and 7.11%,respectively,whose benefits of sericulture were higher.Average sericulture number of farmers with pod production above 100 kg/667m~2 was 2.59sheet/667m~2,average pod production were 44.15kg/sheet,whose benefits of sericulture were the maximum.Major factors that impacted farmers' benefits were farming scale,growing mulberry and sericulture technology and production costs.2.There were differences in benefits among 2004,2005 and 2006.Production values and net incomes of sericulture in 2006 were the highest,which were the lowest in 2004.Average production values of sericulture in 2005 and 2006 increased 34.54%and 51.32%than that in 2004,respectively.Sericulture benefits among farmers with different pod production per 667m~2 were widely different.Increased amplitude was the maximum of farmers with pod production above 100kg/667m~2 and it was little of farmers with pod production under 40kg/667m~2.Followed with increasing of sericulture number,difference about production values of sericulture became big when sericulture number were more than 10,but increase of net incomes per 667m~2 was not significant.Major factors that impacted farmers' benefits were pod price and production costs.3.Growing mulberry and sericulture had higher benefits compared with grain crops, whose incomes were 2.1-3.5 times of corn,wheat,and other grain crops.Inputs of sericulture were relatively high and the industry was greatly affected by market,while benefits of growing grain crops were relatively stable,inputs were low and the industry was little affected by market.Under the same benefit,farmers were favor of growing grain crops with lower inputs.Over the past three years,grain prices little fluctuated while pod price greatly fluctuated following international and domestic markets.Enthusiasm of farmers for sericulture run up when pod prices were high,and farmers abandoned mulberry for grain when it were low.4.Main factors that impacted sericulture and growing grain crops were farming scale, production technology,organizing format,production costs and government support,and so on.Scales of growing mulberry and sericulture were larger and benefits were higher under the same level of sericulture technology.For example,differences between sericulture numbers of two farmers were 24 sheets and that between incomes reached 30,320 yuan from Yangcheng County in 2006.Incomes of farmers with higher level of sericulture technology were relatively higher.According to survey,differences of pod production per sheet were 8kg and that between incomes were 80 yuan(pod price was 10 yuan/kg).Prices of pod directly affected farmers' whole benefits,and production costs were affected by policy support and pod prices, which leaded to scales of sericulture and benefits of farmers increased or decreased. Professional cooperation of farmers was an effective approach to increase degree of organization and achieve docking between small production and large market,which was beneficial to popularization and application of new technology,improving quality of pod, stability of sericulture industry and increase of farmers' incomes.5.Government should increase funding and policy support to building favorable atmosphere and environment for development of sericulture industry,persist in principle of "moderate increase of mulberry area,improving pod yield,quality and benefit of sericulture", and establish reasonable planning for dominant areas,implement scaled,laborsaving and standard production to increase scaled benefits.It should strengthen popularization and innovation of science and technology,build service system of sericulture technology fitting to market economy system,strengthen popularization and application of advanced technology and equipment in sericulture industry and increase productivity of farmers.At the same time, it should better play role of professional cooperation in sericulture organization,enhance production and benefit of sericulture industry with specialization and collaboration and deepen system reform to achieve industrialization of sericulture. |
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