Zhenjiang New-Area District Rural Collective Assets Of The Joint-Stock Cooperative System Reforms

Non-agriculture industries have developed very rapidly in Zhenjiang New Aera since 1992. Thestructure of labour force changed greatly, the proportion of non-agriculture labour forceincreased from 56 percent in 1992 to about 80 percent in 2006. the proportion ofnonagri-industries production increased from 85.7 percent to 96 percent during the sametime. Per capita GDP increased from $1350 in 1992 to $6150 in 2006 just because the risingof the proportion of nonagri-labour force. Thelevel of urbanization of Zhenjiang is higher than that of national average, but it relatively laggedbehind Zhenjiang's economic development and the level of nonagriculture. The main ectfactors on the lag of Zhenjiang's urbanization level are the dual-resident system, the benefit andthe opportunity cost of migration. The dual-resident system was abolished. It is difftcult for the institutional arrangements between urban and rural be consistent for the lag ofurbanization of Zhenjiang. The marketing arrangement of productive factors in large regionmeets a lot of obstacles from laws and economy. The aggregate effect of urban on industriescannot work well. In order to promote rural urbanization, improve the aggregate effect ofurban on industries and enforce regional economic competition, Zhenjiang municipal issued "Three Centralizations" policy (A Centralization of Industries to Industries Zone, ACentralization of Land to Scale Fanning, A Centralization of Resident to Residential Zone).One of the essences of the Three Centralization is to realize rural urbanization.Rural urbanization related to a great deal of system reform and innovation, and a basic one to require rural collective economic organization system innovation most among them. This is because the rural urbanization is not merely a simple transition of peasant's identity or transformation on the geographical position of residence, the modernization and the improvement of quality liveses of it still includes producing , life style , management system, etc.. Rural collective area person who close and rural urbanization required fund, workforce ,etc. open phase contradiction of economic activity that factor of production flow etc. freely of economic organization: "cadre'seconomy"of the collective economic organization in the village and democratic looks contradiction of management science with required urbanization, etc.. If in rural urbanization, the rural collective economic organization keeps already existing institutional framework, even adjusted and realized the urbanization through zoning, the result will be the scenes of a block of " villages in the city " or "city industries in the village", still keeping two kinds of modes in " cities and towns" and " countryside" on management system and operating mechanism.The rural urbanization needs making to peasants and the collective relation of collective assets of economic organization in order, reduce the opportunity cost that peasants moved, prevent peasants from losing their collective assets share in the course of moving. Otherwise, peasants lack the motive force moved because of worrying losing collective assets and income.At present, in the rural collective economic organization, ownership is belonged to fuzzily, the rural collective economic organization lacks one's own organization. Governments of villages and towns , control power and surplus of having collective assets of village committee ask for right. Under this kind of property right structure, peasants leave the collective economic organization, governments of villages and towns and village committee deprive their collective member qualifications and benefit in collective assetses; Inhabit community amalgamate, collective assets might amalgamate briefly or equalitarianism and indiscriminate transfer of resources; When new members enter the collective economic organization, have collective member qualification and enjoy collective assets income influence former collective interests of member at once. So for maintain one's own interests unwilling to move, unwilling non- collective member move into get collective community to belong to them too peasant, the village transforms by village and town in influencing the city too. Rural collective this kind of management and operating mechanism of economic organization contradict with requirement of the urbanization.Inside the village economic cooperative of the rural share, the property right is belonged to clearly, the shareholder has ownership , control power and surplus to ask for right. The stockholder's equity is not deprived because of moving, collective assets are not amalgamated equalitarianism and indiscriminate transfer of resources briefly because of inhabiting the community to amalgamate . Introduce the modern enterprise system to the village economic cooperative of the share, accord with the urbanization to the rural organizational innovation requirement of collective economy. So, the village economic cooperative of the share is favorable to population migration and rural urbanization. The village economic cooperative of the rural share has also promoted the rural democratic institutional improvement . Representative, director and Chairman of shareholders of the share village economic cooperative in the village pass and elect; Great decision such as examination and approval, main personnel that invest in , assign , settle in advance appoint , pass through the shareholders' meeting or shareholder's representative assembly through discussion. Financial supervision of village committee too until financial affairs disclose , change the budget in advance into restrain from afterwards. The share village economic cooperative in the village has established villagers' master's status from system, cherish the intensity to collective care after improving villagers.It points out the direction that rural share cooperation is transformed as the rural reform of our country. The economic cooperation transformation of the rural share is after the family unites and produces the contract system, share cooperation of the collective-owned enterprise of the villages and towns to transform, rural great property relations changes of the third time. The extensive system performance of cooperative society of the rural share has solved many kinds of problems such as increasing peasant income, villager's autonomy, rural urbanization that faces in the rural evolution.The suggestion of this text, the country should issue relevant policies, permit the stock right of village economic cooperative of shares to circulate, offer the village economic cooperative of shares status of a legal person. Seeing that village share village economic cooperative bear former collective social function of economic organization such as offering the social welfare to wait still, share village economic cooperative must enjoy former collective every reduction or remission of taxes of preferential policies of economic organization.