Study On The Sustainable Development Of Tourism In Xiangxi Based On Externality Theory

In the world scope, tourism has become one of the largest industries in the world, the step of tourism increase is much faster than the speed of the development of world economy, and it is also faster than the speed of development of other single industry. China is one of the countries that have the fastest speed of tourism in the world, and the speed of the development of tourism is much higher than the world average.The development of tourism can create more jobs and attract more investment and bring more economic benefits for the local people, it can also promote cultural exchanges between the regions. However, with the continuous development of the tourism, the negative externality of the tourism economy has become increasingly obvious, the over-exploitation of resources and serious environment pollution, ecological serious damage, and so on. Such externality is increasingly becoming a serious obstacle of sustainable development of tourism.From the externality of tourism, the specific object of this paper is the tourism of Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture, it researches the issues of the sustainable development of tourism which focusing on the regional scope to explore the effective ways to achieve the sustainable development of tourism, which is a great significance for the sustainable development of the tourism theory and the reality of the development of tourism.At first, this paper analysis the evolution and development of the externality theory and the externality of the development of tourism, discusses the role of the positive externality and the connotation of the negative externality, and in accordance with the different implementation the external diseconomy of tourism is divided into the external diseconomy of tourism production and the external diseconomy of tourism consumption, thus it is laying a conceptual framework for analysis. Then, it analysis the impact of the externality on the sustainable development of tourism from both the externality of tourism production and the externality of tourism consumption. Next, associated with the development of tourism in Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture, it sums up the main externality of the tourism in Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture: efforts to develop tourism products are not enough, the development of tourism resources doesn't have enough science; tourism resources are serious damaged, tourism environment is deteriorated; excessive competition, lack of cooperation; to pursue the short-term interests and neglect the long-term development. And, it analysis the three underlying causes of the externality of tourism in Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture: the definition of property rights is unclear, the restraint of system is fatigue, awareness of resources and environment protection is weak. Finally, combinating the goals and focus of the development of tourism in Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture, it brings forward the suggestions of realizing sustainable development of the tourism in Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture from five aspects: establish the property rights system of sustainable use of tourism resources; strengthen the protection and development of the eco-tourism environment and the culture tourism resources; strengthen the system construction, promote internalization of external costs; construct the cooperation mechanism of regional tourism; strengthen the guidance and education of the awareness of sustainable development.