Research On The Problems In Paid Use System Of Mineral Resources In China

The paid use of mineral resources in China starts late, and it hasn't formed a consummate and effective system yet. The waste of resources as well as the environmental destruction is the remarkable problem in the compensated exploitation of mineral resources, which immensely affects the sustainable development of economy and society. In the analysis, the paper has firstly distinguished two kinds of problems which are the own existing problems of the system and the problems induced by the faultiness of the system, and then it makes an analysis on both respectively. The unclear relationship and the unreasonable establishment of tax and fees in the paid use system have imposed a white elephant on the mine enterprises, which is adverse to the resource conservation and environmental protection. Besides, the unprosperous transition of mining rights obviously hinders the full usage and the optimum allocation of mineral resources. The problem induced by the faultiness of paid use system is represented by the problems of Mining Industry, Mine, Miner and Mining City (4M) which basically contains all main contradiction in the development of mining economy. Thus, the paper makes a further analysis on the paid use system of mineral resources combined with the 4M problems that are very remarkable in reality, and explains the vital significance of consummating the paid use system. Afterwards, from the prospect of new institutional economics, the paper applies the theory of Property Pight, Transacting Cost, Externalities, Public Domain and Principal-Agent to the analysis of paid use system of mineral resources. So the paper starts from the property right attribute of mineral resources, and analyzes the important meaning of transacting cost in the paid use system, then it gives an analysis on the interiorization of negative externalities and the Principal-Agent relationship between government and mine enterprises. The analysis considers that the defining of coownership for environmental rights would solve the problem of negative externalities in the resources exploitation better; and the over heavy and complicated tax and fees encroach on the residual claim right which is adverse to the ordered exploitation of mineral resources, and it also occupies the share of mineral resources compensation fees which goes against the realization of the resources ownership interest. Finally, the article puts forward several suggestions in policy from the aspect such as clarifying the property rights of mineral resources, defining the environmental rights rationally, establishing the resources depletion allowance system, consummating the forming system of resources price etc.