Modern Forestal Industrialization In Northeast China And Its Influence

The development and utilization of forest resources in Northeast China at modern times contributed to their industrialization. The modern forest industry system of timber logging, timber processing, timber trade, timber transportation, and timber-byproduct production and processing is taking shape and developing. Nowadays, it is growing better. The industrialization formed in the whole China Modernization, so this process was featured obviously by the outer forces. The modern forest industry system has a great impact on Northeast's economics and social structure in the process of formation and development. Forest industry has become a major force for economic development in the Northeast, and the commercialization of forest products is deepening, but in the process of industrialization, forest resources were exploited disastrously and the regional environment is rapidly deteriorated. Northeast paid a tremendous environmental price in developing and utilizing forest resources.My paper is going to refresh the historical process of forest resources industrialization by describing the modern development and use of forest resources in Northeast China and discussing the influences caused by this industrialization.Chapter1: Forest resources in Northeast China.This chapter introduces the overall situation of Northeast forest resources, including forest distribution, area, and the storage capacity. Northeast region, the unique natural environment provided favorable conditions for the growth of forests, where more than 400 species of trees are thriving, including Korean pines, Xing'an larches, camphor pines, etc. These trees are distributed horizontally in cold temperate coniferous forests region, temperate deciduous broad-leaved and coniferous hybridized forest region and warm temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest region; and are vertically distributed in broad-leaved and coniferous mixed forest zone, the coniferous forest belt, orophyte and birch belt, and the mountain and tundra zone. These trees grow in the Yalu River Basin, the Songhua River Valley, the Tumen River Valley, Mudan Jiang River Basin, Lalin River Valley, the eastern area along the Middle East Railway, Sanxing local region, Daxing An mountain area and Xiaoxing An mountain area. Changes are in forest issues with the complexity and uncertainty of their own and recent forest survey data are lost, so there are many recorded versions on the storage capacity of Modern Northeast forest area. This chapter uses official statistics to depicts the actual situation of the Northeast forest resources, which are exploited disastrously in the process of their modern industrialization.Chapter2: Modern exploitation of the Northeast forest.This chapter mainly discusses modern timber harvesting of the Northeast forest, including the spoliation to China's forest resources caused by Russia and Japan. Nowadays, Northeast logging industry is closely related to the forestry policy, but due to the political environment in Northeast, it is difficult to implement some forestry policies, which are basically in a state of laxation. Because of the unsound, imperfect forest policy and management mechanism, the Northeast forest resources are exploited disastrously, however, the annual timber production is increasing drastically.Tsarist Russia's forces infringed into the Northeast much early. To meet the needs of the construction and operation of the Middle East Railway, Russia began cutting the forest along the vicinity of Middle East Road. After that, a large number of Russian capitalists swarmed into China's northeast forest area. They looted the Northeast's forests relying on the convenient transportation of Middle East railway and the huge amount of capital. After the Russo-Japanese War, Japan achieved a dominant position in the Northeast. Japanese capitalists invested to run factories by using directly the rich forest resources and its cheap labor. Those factories fell massive forests, which almost caused the bare mountains in Northeast forest area.Chapter3: Rise and development of Commodity forestry This chapter mainly introduces the appearance and development of various industries, including lumber processing, wood pulp, matches, forest-byproduct manufacturing and paper making. By describing the formation and development of various industries, I will illustrate the process of modern industrialization of the Northeast forest resources. For the application of modern mechanics in wood-processing, its capacity has greatly improved, such as sawmill and plywood manufacturing. Wood pulp manufacturing and paper making are also developing rapidly and these two industries are gradually forming and growing. Match manufacturing is number one in the Northeast forestry industry. Forest products industry is industrialized and deeply commercialized and the production and processing of forest-byproducts are gradually rising.Chapter 4: Modern timber transporting and trade in Northeast China.This chapter mainly introduces the modern timber transporting and trade in Northeast China, reflecting the development of modern forest industries. Northeast China is the largest base for timber growing and manufacturing, Much timber needs to be transported, which on the one hand, promotes the rapid development of traffic there, and vice versa. A large number of forest railways are laid to provide conditions of the rapid development of the forest industry. Timber market gradually matured as for the trade.Chapter 5: The features and impact of the Northeast forest industry.This chapter mainly discusses the features of the modern Northeast forest industry and its impact on the society and the local environment. Northeast forest industry, as reflected in the development process, has two main features: First, the foreign capital occupied an absolute monopoly position; Second, the national forest industry gradually fell into dilemma after a short period of development. Nowadays, the forestry system is improving. The formation and development of this system in the northeast region has a significant impact on the economic and social structure. The forest products are deeply commercialized. In the process of development in the northeast region, valuable forest resources have been seriously damaged, causing serious ecological problems. Northeast forest industry is on the path towards modernization at the price of tremendous loss of resources. Behind the recent rapid development of the forest industry is a tremendous environmental price.