| Based on China's development-oriented poverty relief strategy, this thesis deeply studies allocation of poverty alleviation fund in China by statistic analysis, contrast analysis, empirical analysis and normative analysis. The definition and characteristics of allocation of poverty alleviation fund are studied firstly. And then, current allocation and management of poverty alleviation fund is studied. On the basis of it, the present situation, problems and causes which results in negative performance of allocation of poverty alleviation fund are studied. Finally, some measures are suggested. The main conclusions and policies are as follows:1. Conclusions①China's poverty alleviation done by government has been implemented widely since 1986, in which poverty alleviation fund has been playing a key role. China's rural poverty status has been changed. Poverty areas'living conditions and public service has been improved a lot. The problem of food and clothing is solved basically. Although poverty alleviation in China has achieved a lot, it's still a heavy task.②there are many kinds of poverty alleviation funds, including national poverty alleviation fund, organizations'fund as well as foreign fund. Most of original poverty alleviation fund is finance fund. The total amount of poverty alleviation fund input is relatively large, but it accounts for a small part of GDP.③The two characteristics of allocation structure of poverty alleviation fund are: First, according to different industries, main part of fund is input to planting industry and farming industry. But public services are short of fund, such as education, health and social security. Second according to different areas, the main input areas of poverty alleviation fund are key national poverty counties in middle and west regions. But there is still some deviation from target areas as requested.④effect of poverty alleviation input is obvious. Poverty alleviation fund that were input in direct production of rural families increased rural families'income obviously in short time. But the input in infrastructure, education and health and techniques replication didn't have obvious effect or even negative effect on rural families income increase.⑤At present, there are still some issues existing in poverty alleviation fund allocation, including no adequate input, input deviation from target groups, more input in production and less input in public service, such as education and health, and serious leakage and waste of fund, etc.⑥There are many causes that lead to low performance of poverty alleviation fund allocation in China, including interest drive, local government's interest and limitation of allocation management system. Different poverty alleviation funds are managed by different government sections.2.SuggestionsBased on analysis of poverty alleviation fund quantity, allocation structure, allocation performance, this paper recommends some suggestions:①enhancing finance system of government at lower levels, especially township and county levels. The revenue and expenses of local government should be balanced. First, local financial revenue system should be enhanced. Second, fiscal transfer system should be regulated and enhanced. The fiscal transfer to poverty areas should be strengthened. And stable revenue increase mechanism shall be established. Third, local government in poverty areas should be assisted to establish sound fiscal expenses mechanism gradually. Last, approaches of poverty alleviation fund allocation should be promoted. Central government and local government's poverty alleviation responsibilities should be identified.②Strengthening poverty alleviation input and establishing a stable fund increase mechanism and developing diverse fund sources strategy. First, government at all levels should increase poverty alleviation input according to Rural Program for Poverty Alleviation and Development of China (2001 - 2010 years). Second, diverse fund sources strategy should be implemented, including stably increasing national poverty alleviation input; using finance discount to lead loans to invest in poverty areas; using creative methods to introduce social fund and international aid fund to input in poverty alleviation.③enhancing poverty alleviation fund allocation structure and optimizing poverty alleviation methods. First, expenses on rural social security and health fields should be increased. Rural health and medical care expenses are advised to be supported by government as poverty alleviation. Input in village clinics should be increased. Second, education and human resources development should be focused on. Expenses on education should be ensured. Education quality should be improved in poverty areas. Rural labors should be provided more vocational trainings and technical supports. Third, rural infrastructure should be assisted. In order to promote basic rural production and living conditions, infrastructure construction should be kept on such as road, watering and irrigation construction.④changing county target to village target fund allocation mechanism. Rural families will be keen in participation. Village target mechanism is a feasible strategy. That not all poor families are targeted by county target mechanism will be avoided. But it will be monitored by county level administrative system. The new style village target mechanism will focus on poor population.⑤enhancing delivering and monitor mechanism. First, accounting system of poverty alleviation fund should be strictly managed. Project process shall be monitored as scheduled before payment and fund expenses should be audited. Second, monitoring on financial poverty alleviation fund should be included in finance monitor system. It should be directly monitored by fiscal monitor section and audit section.⑥establishing stable social and political environment. Stable society and rapid developing economy is a favorable macro environment for poverty alleviation. The experience shows that poverty status has been promoted in recent 30 years relating to stable political and social environment. |
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