Strategy Of "Developing A Nation Via Science And Technology" Of Korea And Its Implications On Constructing Innovative Nation Of China

Korea has become an innovation-oriented country from the backward state successfully, because it relies on science and technology innovation to drive its rapid economic growth, and this course just costs 30 years. The source power of Korean economic growth is regarding science and technology innovation and Korea makes strategy of"developing a nation via science and technology"as the foundation of the strategy. China's State Council promulgated the"Outline of the state medium-long-term scientific and technological development program" in February 9, 2006. In this program, China's State Council required that before 2020, the ability of independent innovation of China must have notable enhance and strived to become a innovative country. Comparing the actuality of China's scientific and technological development, this article analyses the formation,development and Implementation features of the strategy of"developing a nation via science and technology"of Korea based on the analysis of modern economic growth theory and technology innovation theory of Schumpeter's theory, and makes policy recommendations for our country'science and technology innovation.Modern economic growth theories has experienced from exogenous growth theory to endogenous growth theory. From the classic theory of economic growth which was represented by Harrod & Doma model, economists always probed the equilibrium conditions that made economic growth in the long-run. Solow who was the first person introducing variable technology progress into economic growth model, invented"Solow Model"and developed Neo-classical growth theory. Later, Arrow's "learning-by-doing" concept and Uzawa's introducing education sector, both tried to make endogenous technical change. It was not until the 1980s of the 20^th century, economists who were represented by Rromer and Lucas carried out endogenous technical change, created endogenous growth theory and finally established that economic growth was driven by technological innovation. In addition, Schumpeter's technology innovation theory considered that innovation was the essence of economic development.In the 1940s of 20^th century, Korea was a restarting agricultural county whose industrial level was extremely low. Industrialization was starting from the 1950s, and implemented the strategy of"import substitution"-oriented economic development. From 1960s,Korea mainly developed the labor-intensive textile industry and economic development strategy turn to the"export-oriented"type. Into the 1970s, Korea achieved economic takeoff and mainly developed automobiles, ships, steel and other heavy chemical industry. The 1980s, Korea truly established the strategy of"developing a nation via science and technology". Its technological strength improved greatly and especially the high-tech developed quickly, which altered the economic structure significantly and promoted the rapid development of the tertiary industry, as well as rapid economic growth. Entering the 1990s, Korea adjusted the strategy of"developing a nation via science and technology"and suggested that the government and the business community leading technology development plan. Until the late 1990s, Korea had been recognized as"the most technological and economic strength of the Asian economies in the world". In early 21^st century, after experiencing the Asian financial crisis, Korea turn innovation strategy by"introducing and imitating"to"creativity and initiative". In 2003, Korea clearly announced"second technology foundation".Research shows that one of the most important successful experience of Korea is extensively absorbing advanced technologies from other countries then digesting them. It always cultivate and enhance the capability for independent innovation as the basic policy. In the past several decades, Korea always adhered to the government-led plan, the strategy of technology introduction, digestion & innovation, the dominant position of enterprise innovation, the base of human resources development, the integration between enterprises colleges and research institutes. Korea enhanced the independent innovation capability, realized the transformation from a backward agricultural country to an innovation-oriented country successfully and established a strategic model for the vast number of developing countries.As a developing country, China develops mainly based on the extensive growth mode. Although a large developing country, it is also short of per capita natural resources ,science and technology. China has maintained rapid growth, but high growth was mainly driven by factors such as capital and the reform, so the scientific and technological innovation ability are still weak. China is a low innovation, high-growth country. There are many issues on technological innovation capacity. For example R&D investment continued to grow, but overall, the level of investment is low and competitive technology is less. Although enterprise has established a dominant position in the innovation, innovation capability of enterprises and nation is still insufficient. Basic research is relative lack. Small and medium-sized enterprises account for 99% of the enterprises, but have fragile innovation capability.Learning from the advanced experience of South Korea, China should take scientific and technological innovation as the primary driving force for economic and social development, take improving the ability of independent innovation as a basis and central link for adjusting the economic structure, transforming the mode of growth and improving the competitiveness of China, and do best to walk in the path of development of innovation. First, the government should pay attention to the legislation of science and technology, monitoring and evaluation work, and formulate technological development strategies suited to our country's national conditions. In the initial stage of technological innovation, the government is the main driven factors of the technology development, should strengthen the legislation, improve the policy environment for innovation, promote the scientific and technological assessment-budget system, improve the scientific and technological supervision, and further, increase the investment in basic research. Second, it should establish enterprises as the main body of technological innovation, and be attention to the combination of production, learning and research. As soon as possible, make transformation from the government-led technology development system to the enterprise-oriented model, focus on supporting small and medium-sized enterprises, and promote the industrialization of scientific and technological achievements. Thirdly, we should optimize the investment proportion between the independent innovation and technology introduction. China's scientific and technological innovation is at the preliminary stage, only relying on our own research is not adequate to meet the demand of economic and social development of technology. Therefore, we should not only improve our own research and development capabilities, also have to pay attention to the introduction and assimilation of technology. Fourth, we should adhere to the people-oriented approach and focus on the cultivation of creative talents. We should combine introduction and cultivation, strength the building of the contingent of scientific and technological innovation, increase the investment in education, popularize nine-year compulsory education, strength vocational education, and improve the quality of higher education. Finally, we should enhance the environment building of the scientific and technological innovation. Promote the scientific spirit, cultivate the sense of innovation, disseminate the scientific knowledge and strength national capacity-building.Improving the ability of independent innovation and building an innovation-oriented country is one of the main tasks of China's economic social development during the "11th Five-Year Plan" period. We should learn from the Korean experience in the development of innovative national, base on China's national conditions, do much better to enhance our capability for independent innovation and go in the development path of innovation-oriented country with Chinese characteristics.