Research On Three-Dimensional Ultrasonic Vibration Cutting Technology

The ultrasonic vibration cutting (UVC) technology has been systematically presented and developed since1950s. The UVC can make the cutting tool vibrate with the frequency over20KHz.The UVC process can be regarded as a pulse cutting process. During a vibration cycle, the actual cutting time is very short. Most of the time the cutting tool, workpiece and chip are in a state of separation. The separate feature of UVC technology can reduce the cutting force and cutting heat effectively, made up for the deficiency that the traditional metal cutting technology cannot be used in ultra-precision machining field, difficult-to-machine materials machining field and difficult-to-machine parts machining field. The reduction of the cutting force and cutting heat can improve the machining accuracy, reduce the surface roughness, extend the using life of the cutting tool.On the base of mass domestic and overseas research productions, this project aims at the research of three-dimensional UVC with three groups of parallel piezoelectric ceramics. The following are the main research contents of this thesis.Firstly, this paper systematically summarized the developed history, application situation and current research of the UVC technology. This paper also introduced the working characteristics and advantages of the UVC technology, clarified the research purpose and meaning of this project.Secondly, the theories of the UVC techonology have been studied deeply. Combined these theories, the three-dimensional UVC working head with three groups of parallel piezoelectric ceramics has been presented and the3D model of the working head has been built. The kinematic and simulation analysis of the simplified structure of the working head also have been completed. Through the kinematic analysis and simulation results we can obtain that the working head tool holder will have different vibration track for different vibration phase. Thirdly, the finite element (FEM) model of the three-dimensional UVC working head has been built, the dynamics analysis by software ABAQUS also has been conducted.Through the dynamics analysis we can get the natural frequency and vibration mode of the working head. Study on the factors which influence the structure natural frequency. According to the analysis results, we can optimize the structure and develop the physical prototype of the three-dimensional UVC working head.At last, depend on the three phase ultrasonic signal driver and control circuit which developed by our laboratory, we can do vibrate experiment with the three-dimensional UVC system. After the experiment we will analysis the experimental results. At the end of this paper we will summarize the difficulties and deficiencies which we meet in the process of research, prospect the development future of the three-dimensional UVC technology.