| Ganoderma lucidum as a Chinese traditional rare medicinal herb with thousands of yearsof medical history has very high medicinal value. A large number of literature recorded thatG.lucidum can regulate blood glucose, control blood pressure, cure chronic bronchitis andasthma, promote sleep quality. G. lucidum can also delay senescence, inhibit tumor and assistwith radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The growth of G. lucidum require a high condition andits yield is low, therefore improving the extraction rate of G. lucidum active components hasbeen the pursuit of producers. In recent years, the usual method of extraction of G. lucidumare water extraction, organic solvent extraction, enzymatic extraction, ultrasonic assistedextraction, microwave assisted extraction, Super-comminution technology, but they havemany disadvantages such as low extraction rate, high economic cost or hard to large-scaleproduction. At present, we still need to explore a new method which can improve theextraction rate of G. lucidum and improve the utilization rate of G. lucidum.The principle of the steam explosion treatment is to use steam hydrolysis at hightemperature(180~235℃) and pressure, followed by a sudden reduction in the pressure forphysical treatment of the product to produce low molecular weight substances. The purposeof this paper is to study on the influence of presteam explosion treatment on extraction of G.lucidum.This paper first learn the effect of steam explosion on G. lucidum morphology andextraction duration through exploring experiment. Considering in the condition part ofcomposition of G. lucidum occur chemical reactions, safety assessment of ganoderma extractis needed, toxicology tests have been carried out in this study. Steam explosion pretreatmentof G. lucidum extracts with high dosage group dose was100times more than the amountrecommended for human. Tests included acute toxicity test, Ames test, in vivo mammalianerythrocyte micronucleus test, mice sperm abnormality test and30days feeding test. Theresults of the mice test showed that the median lethal dose (LD50) was more than20g/kg BW,the sample was non-toxic. Active components In vivo mammalian erythrocyte micronucleus test,Ames test and mice sperm abnormality test results showed that steam explosion treatmentgroup were within the normal range. In30d feeding test, biochemical indicators showed thatthe G. lucidum extract three dose groups of lymphocytes increased in the normal range little,female mice blood glucose compared with the negative control group and untreated groupwas significantly different(p<0.05), after analysis the difference was caused by individualdifferentia. Male and female mouse of untreated group, low dose group and middle dosegroup of triglyceride were lower than the negative control group, and high dose group higherthan that of the negative control group, inferred that appropriate amount of G. lucidum polysaccharide amount can reduce triglycerides, if the amount is too high, carbohydrates fromsteam explosion treatment will make the triglyceride high.The red blood cell value of female treatment groups was significantly different withnegative control group (p<0.05), this difference didn’t show dose-response relationship, sothat regardless of the experimental factor. The weight, food consumption, hematology, bloodbiochemistry, pathology and the ratio of internal organs and weight of other groups showedno abnormality. The experiment evaluation showed that the production of steam explosionpretreatment of G. lucidum extracts had no obvious toxic side effects and adverse reactions.This paper studies the effects of the steam explosion treatment on G. lucidum extractiontime, polysaccharides and triterpenes extraction rate, and the content of cellulose,hemicellulose, lignin and phenols. The results showed that various physical and chemicalmodifications, including expansion of micropores on the materials occured, and at the sametime extraction time was reduced to1h. The optimum conditions of steam explosiontreatment of G. lucidum were as follows: pressure was at1.5MPa and processing time was at150s. the extraction rate of G. lucidum polysaccharides treated by steam explosion was6.71%which was5.9times higher than that of untreated group, extraction rate of triterpene treatmentof G. lucidum was1.64%, which was0.95times higher than that of the untreated group. In theexperimental, cellulose and lignin did not change significatly, but hemicellulose degradationobviously, phenols increased significantly in high stress situation. After steam explosiontreatment the fiber structure of the fruiting bodies of G. lucidum changed obviously, themolecular weight distribution of G. lucidum polysaccharides slightly changed, the mass oflarger molecules decreased. However, the mass low molecules increased. The maincomponents of triterpene from treated sample were the same as untreated samples. Theseindicated that moderate steam explosion treatment can retain the active ingredients of G.lucidum. |
PDF Full Text Request