Study On The Ecological Environment Evolution Of Datong Mining Area By RS/GIS

The ecological environment is the material basis for human survival. A good ecologicalenvironment is an important guarantee of the development of the society. Datong mining areais located in the transition zone of North China Plain and the Inner Mongolia plateau, whichbelongs to the ecological environment sensitive area. Coupled with the imperfect legalconsciousness and awareness of the limitations of the mining area residents, series ofproblems emerged in the process of the exploitation of mineral resources, and let theecological environmental quality variation. The contradiction between the mining areaeconomic development and ecological environment protection is becoming more and moreprominent, and how to coordinate the relationship between economy and ecologicalenvironment for sustainable development of Datong mining area has important significance.This paper selects two representative years’(1990and2010) TM, ETM as the basic data,the year of1990is the early time in the exploitation of coal resources, the year of2010is afterthe time of coal resources integration for large-scale. Combined with the spatial analysisfunction of GIS, this paper systematic analyzed the change of the ecological environment ofDatong mining area, aiming at the existing problems and put forward some concreteimprovement measures.The research results show that:1. From1990to2010, unused land in Datong mining area of arable land is the mainsource of land circulation, mainly to woodland, grassland and mining land, the index of landuse degree decreases in Datong mining area, the land use of the study area is in the process ofrecession.2. The average patch area of vacant lot, mixed coniferous broad leaved forests andbroad-leaved mixed forests, broad-leaved forests and deciduous broad-leaved shrubs are onthe increase. The rest of the vegetation landscape elements are on the reduction, wherein theshrubbery decreased the most which is66.12hectares. The vegetation landscape patch shapeis becoming more and more regular, which is relatively disturbed by human activities. In thevegetation landscape elements Datong mining, the cultivated area of the grass and theconiferous forest vegetation is reducing, the highest amount of reduction is cultivated vegetation, the area of the other vegetation landscape elements is increasing. The vegetationlandscape elements of the dominance index gap is reducing which explains the research areaby one or several vegetation landscape elements control improved the situation of vegetation,elements of landscape diversity index increased, the proportion of the difference in thereduced. By the influence of mining production activities, the fragmentation of vegetationlandscape is increasing.3. The surrounding industrial land cultivated by vegetations, deciduous broad leavedshrubs and natural grasses occupied a larger proportion, but the cultural vegetations aregreatly reduced. The vegetation coverage of industrial land surrounding is low, with theincrease of distance, high coverage level increases, but the overall coverage level is not high.4. The Datong mining area does not exist very intensive erosion and acute erosion, theerosion of the area is slight, accounting for about50%, intensive erosions are significantlyreduced, soil erosion conditions improves. The farther away from the industrial land the slighterosion the land is which reflect human activities have aggravated the situation of soil erosion.5. This paper selects5indexes to evaluate the ecological environment quality of Datongmining area, the eco-environmental quality index in1990is70.34and70.31in2010. Thegrade of ecological environment quality are good, have a slight variation, but not obvious.