| Karakul lake is an important plateau lakes in Xinjiang, The water comes from Xinjiang’s main water resources kara korom mountain Snow and ice m elting, the water of the lake eventually join the Tarim river by Gaz river. Under the protection of the ecological environm ent how to develop and utilize the water resources reasonably and condition of no dam age to the hum an living environm ent to let human get maximum benefit has practical significance. use the theory and method of landscape ecology, put forward sustainable development plan for human activities and the river system, for promote th e economic development, harmonious sustainable development of study area have great significance. Use the landscape ecology principles carry on research on landscape dynamic change and landscape spatial transformation characteristics of karakul Lake during 20 years, can be found main ecological environment problem, causes and trends for the future economic, for the future of karakul la ke’s construction of ecol ogical environment,economic development provide strong scientific opinion and for other sim ilar areas provide a scientific basis for scientific research.This essay selected the Karakul Lake as the study area, using the K arakul Lake in 1990, 1999 Landsat TM and 2010 Landsat7 ETM + data(GAP) 3 period rem ote sensing data based, use the decision tree method combined with relevant professional maps, data access field and field su rvey data of landscape classification, with arc / GIS, envi software constructed on the landscape type data base, and draw in the area in 1990, 1999 and 2010 landscape type distri bution map, the Karakul lake land is divided into oasis, lakes, ri vers, ice, desert etc 5 kinds of pl aque. The Karakul lake landscape characteristics and research requi rements according to the selected m ain landscape metrics, such as number of patches, the total area index, interspersion and juxtaposition index and the largest patch index, landscape shape index, patch density, edge density, degree of aggregation, th e landscape contagion plaque node degree index, Shannon’s diversity index and ev enness index, on the basis of using FRAGSTATS and Excel software to calculate the landscape pattern index, according to the Bureau of hydrol ogy, Kashi, Akto C ounty Bureau of statistics, Akto County Tourism Bureau 2000-2010 natural and hum an data analysis research of landscape changes in the study area driving force. Th is paper carries on the analysis to the change of the Karakul lake landscape. The conclusions are as follows:(1) 1990-2010 years there are significan t changes of appearance characteristics and spatial pattern in the Karakul Lake azea, desert occupied the largest area of the landscape type, followed by oasis and glacie rs.Desert,river area pre sented first retreated then expansion, Lake area pr esented continuous expansion; oasis and glacier area presented first expansion then retreated, 47.82% growth in the number of plaques of lakes, lakes and glacier changes are more obvious.1990-1999, at the same time with reducing of the dese rt area, glacier, oasis, a nd lakes landscape types were increased, the larg est increasing is glacier ar ea.the transfer of desert to oasis and glaciers are m ore obvious.1999-2010 year, Lake area continued to increase, and glaciers and oasis were decreased, glacier to desert transfer is more obvious.(2) landscape index analysis results: the overall landscape spread degree and the degree of fragmentation of the study area were decreased; landscape dominance and heterogeneity were increased, and the na tural factors have great im pact on the landscape changes.(3) through the analysis of the lands cape dynamic change of natural factors and human factors in karakol lake region during the period of 2000-2010, conclude that air temperature, precipitation, evaporati on, flow and other natu ral factors are the main driving force of the change of la ndscape pattern, reducing of the temperature and evaporation, increasing of precipitation and flow are beneficial to increase lakes and rivers, so there is direct relations between increasing of rivers and lakes landscape area and natural facto rs. Human factors also have a certain im pact, increasing of the population, num ber of livestock, number of tourists in the study area can be a caus e to the living environment changes, residential land expansion, increasing demand for food resources, More and more pressure on water and land resources, decrease of grassland carrying capacity, in crease the contrad iction between human and l and, resource consumption increased, Deterioration of ecosystem, and this had certain relations with the de cline of oasis area du ring 2000-2010 rear period in Karakul lake region. |
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