Effect Of Various Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi On Plant Growth Characteristics

With frequent drought, water logging, high temperature, low temperature, environmental degradation as well as pollution ecological disasters caused by global change, the biosphere is suffering unprecedented environmental pressure, and those changes will seriously affect the production and development of agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry in a direct or indirect way. For this reason, people actively explore new ways of protecting habitat environment, keeping ecological balance, and improving environmental safety. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal(Arbuscular Mycorrhiza, AM) is a kind of symbiont formed by plant roots and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal fungi(Arbuscular Mycorrhizal fungi, AMF). What’s more, AM fungi- plant system widely exist in the nature. Arbuscular mycorrhizal possesses "biological fertilizer" abilities of improving nutritional status of host plants, promoting their growth and development, increasing its yields and improving its quality. It also contains “Biopesticides” ability of antagonizing soil borne pathogens and pests, improving plant’s disease resistance ability and reducing harm of sick insects and grasses;.Moreover, it also has the "biological soil conditioner" function of improving soil physical and chemical properties, breaking down toxic organic compounds, repairing contaminated soil degradation and improving soil quality and health condition.Because of things above, this study use AM fungi separated from the alkali grass roots and other four kinds of AM fungi strains as object, and select two kinds of vegetable plants(tomato, cucumber) and two kinds of forage grasses(alfalfa, oats) to test different impacts of AM fungi on plant height, stem diameter, above-ground biomass, below-ground biomass and other growth indicators under houseplants of greenhouse conditions. Besides, the study need to determine influences on part of above-ground AM plants N, P, K content and photosynthetic characteristics of AM fungi and study inoculation of AM fungi to the soil matrix of carbon, phosphorus and phosphatase activity. The main results were as follows:(1) through the identification of molecular biotechnology, learned that separation from the event with alkali grass roots of AM fungi PJ- 1 belong to Acaulospora. Sp.(2) Tested of 5 kinds of AM fungi could produce good symbiosis with four host plants and the fungi infection rate was 37.86%- 53.73% of alfalfa, the infection rate was 38.53%-54.26% of oats, and the infection rate was 24.37%- 64.33% of tomato, the infection rate was 26.37%- 68.96% of cucumber.(3) Tested of 5 kinds of AM fungi could improve the alfalfa, oats, tomato, cucumber plant height, stem diameter, shoot biomass, root biomass. In terms of forage grass, GM(Glomus monosporum), PJ – 1(Acaulospora) promoting effect more apparent of oats plant height, increased by 24.62% and 30.17% respectively; In terms of vegetable plants, GM can significantly improve the plant height of tomatoes and cucumber, make its increased by 41.96% and 74.47%, at the same time GM in is have a significant effect on the growth of stem diameter(P<0.05). GM(G. monosporum) can significantly improve the shoot biomass of forge and vegetable(alfalfa, oats, tomato, cucumber), growth rate is between 16.39%-45.43%, 9.73%-32.74%, 26.95%-113.76% and 12.53%-46.24%.(4) 5 kinds of inoculation treatment can significantly promote the aerial parts of host plants on the absorption of N, P. Mycorrhiza of aerial parts of alfalfa, oats, tomato, cucumber in the growth of P content was 1.52%- 27.09%, 6.23%- 28.78%, 12.69%- 46.15% and 8.39%- 22.37%. The absorption of aerial parts of the processing of plant K content may also be affected, but its role is smaller.(5) The inoculation treatment can improve the photosynthetic characteristics of tomato and cucumber, increase the content of photosynthetic product. Five kinds of promoting effect 1of tomato and cucumber photosynthesis bacteria agent are: the relationship between the size of the GM > GV > GI > PJ-1 > AL > CK, and the relationship between the content of photosynthetic product size for the same.(6) The inoculation treatment on the use of soil phosphorus and organic matter content were increased. The soil phosphorus contents of five kinds of inoculation treatment are less than unvaccinated processing of phosphorus content, the organic matter content increased by 1.99%- 14.25%; Also found that after inoculated arbuscular mycorrhizal can significantly improve the plant rhizosphere soil of acid phosphatase activity.