Diversity Evaluation Of The Major Varieties Of Kengyilia Yen In Qing Hai Plateau

In order to explain the diversity, similarity, otherness, relationship and evolutionary trends of 3 varieties of Kengyilia, 21 populations was investigated by Ear characteristic analysis, Karyotype analysis and EST-SSR markers. The main results are shown as follows:1. By the study of 7 Ear characteristics of 21 populations of the 3 major varieties of Qinghai Plateau Kengyilia, we found that in Kengyilia thoroldiana populations, the average coefficient genetic variation is 14.10%, the coefficient of genetic variation of ear length is the maximum among 7 ear characteristics while 2014631028 Kengyilia thoroldiana is the maximum among 10 Kengyilia thoroldiana populations. In Kengyilia hirsuta populations, the average coefficient of genetic variation is 18.43%, the apiculus hair length is the maximum among 7 ear characteristics and No.2014631008 Kengyilia hirsuta is the maximum among Kengyilia hirsute populations. In Kengyilia grandiglumis populations, the average coefficient of genetic variation is 16.29%, the ear length is the maximum among 7 ear characteristics and ketunika Kengyilia grandiglumis is maximum among Kengyilia grandiglumis populations. Four principal components, spikelet factor, size of panicle factor and two grain density related factors were extracted by principal component analysis. The results revealed that four traits, glumes length, apiculus hair length, panicle length and apiculus length from the seven characters lead to the variations of morphological characters of Kengyilia mainly. By clustering analysis, 21 Kengyilia populations was divided into 3 clusters when the value of Squared Euclidean distance was 15, 2 clusters when the value was 20. The otherness between No.2014631008 Kengyilia hirsuta and other Kengyilia hirsuta populations was relatively large.2. Karyotype analysis showed that the difference of karyotype among 3 Kengyilia varieties was relatively large and populations belong to the same variety also had some differences. The karyotype of Kengyilia thoroldiana populations, including No. 2012631155 Kengyilia thoroldiana is 2C and others are 2B. Kengyilia hirsuta populations are 2B, Kengyilia grandiglumis populations including 2C and 2B. The karyotype included two types, 2B and 2C. All the 3 Kengyilia varieties had some populations in which satellites could be found. The result showed a certain intra-species diversity was existed. The relationships of evolutionary and gene among 3 Kengyilia varieties was drawn by genetic distance analysis.3. The genetic diversity of 21 populations collected from 3 varieties of Kengyilia was investigated by EST-SSR markers. There are 103 polymorphic bands which were produced by 60 out of 97 EST-SSR primers in those materials. The polymorphic bands amplified by each primer ranged from 1 to 5 with an average of 2.06. The genetic diversity of Kengyilia thoroldiana was the largest(PP=62.14%,h=0.2345) and Kengyilia hirsute followed(PP=58.25%,h=0.2211) while Kengyilia grandiglumis was the smallest(PP=44.66 %,h=0.1687). Genetic similarity analysis suggested that the genetic distance between K. thoroldiana and K. grandiglumis was the smallest while the genetic similarity was the largest. The genetic distance between K. hirsute and K. grandiglumis, K. hirsute and Kengyilia thoroldiana was relatively large. The genetic distance between No.2013631011 and other K. thoroldiana populations, No.2014631008 and other K. hirsute populations, No.2014631007 and other K. grandiglumis populations were relatively large. The 21 populations was classified into 3 groups when the genetic similarity coefficient was about 0.65, including 10 K. thoroldiana populations in group 1, 7 K. hirsute populations in group 2 and 4 K. grandiglumis populations in group 3. The results of this study provided valuable information and reference for future development and protection of wild gene resources in Triticeae.