Studies On Biochemical And Molecular Marker Among Species Of Roegneria, Elymus, Hystrix And Kengyilia In Triticeae(Poaceae)

Roegneria C. Koch, Elymus L., Hystrix Moench and Kengyilia Yen et Yang are important perennial gunus in the tribe Triticeae (Poaceae). Many species are fine herbages. Some species have characters of resistance to disease, insect resistance and tress tolerance, which are precious germplasm resources in crop breeding. However, definitions of the four genera and their precise taxonomic ranks have been under discussion. The aims of the present paper are: (a) to discuss the genus variations and ralationships among Roegneria, Elymus, Hystrix and Kengyilia in Triticeae; (b) to evaluate the application of gliadin, RAMP and PCR-RFLP techniques to systematic and taxonomic studies in perennial species of Triticeae. The main results as follows:1. The gliadin pattern of 19 species of Roegneria, Elymus, Hystrix and Kengyilia were analyzed by using acid polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (A-PAGE). The results showed that the gliadin variations between genera were larger than that within genus; the similiarity degree of gliadin map of species in a genus was larger than that of species between genera. Gliadin bands differ greatly in quantity, colour and migration rate, and so on. The materials of Roegneria, Elymus, Hystrix and Kengyilia were clustered together, respectively. Hystrix patula, type of Hystrix, was clustered with all the species of Elymus, while Hystrix duthiei and Hystrix longearistata clustered independently; the species with the same genome, similar to each other in morphological characters, from neighboring geographical regions were clustered together. The results of gliadin marker was basically comparable with those from morphology and cytology data, which suggested that Roegneria, Elymus and Kengyilia are valid genera, and the taxonomic status of the Hystrix is still under discussion.. It may be a useful technique for biosystematic study of perennial species in Triticeae.2. The results of RAMP analysis among 23 species of Roegneria, Elymus, Hystrix and Kengyilia showed that RAMP variation between the four genera was extremly large. 31 primers combinations produced 286 bands, which were all polymorphic. The materials of44Roegneria, Elymus, Hystrix and Kengyilia were clustered together, respectively; Roegneria alashanica, R. elytrigioides and R. magnicaespes in Roegneria were grouped together; H. patula, type of Hystrix, was clustered with all Elymus species, while H. duthiei and //. duthiei ssp. longearistata clustered independently; the species with the same genomes, similar to each other in morphological characters, from neighboring geographical regions were clustered together. The RAMP results are comparable with those obtained from studies on morphology and cytology, which suggested that Roegneria, Elymus and Kengyilia are valid genera, and the taxonomic status of the Hystrix is still under discussion. RAMP is a useful molecular marker technology for assessing of the diversity and the relationship in Triticeae.3. Plasmon genetic varition of 23 accessions of Roegneria, Elymus, Hystrix and Kengyilia and 1 outgroup was investigated by using PCR-RFLP technique. 3 cpDNA and 3 mtDNA universal primers produced 356 bands, 321 out of which were polymorphic (90.2%). PCR-RFLP results showed that polymorphisms existed between the four genera and between species in Roegneria, Elymus, Hystrix and Kengyilia, and genetic similiarity was larger. The materials of Kengyilia clustered independently. R. grandis, R. aristiglumis, R. elytrigioides R. alashanica and R. magnicaespes were grouped, while R. caucasica R. ciliaris R. amurensis and japonensis clustered together. These results were basically identical with gliadin and RAMP analysis. A main difference is: 5 species of Elymus, 3 of Hystrix and R. kamoji clustered together. We guess the reasons are: (') plasmon genome was inherited from single parent and considerably conservative; (if) genomic regions investigated was small and the difference may relate to restriction endouncleases selected. With more cpDNA and mtDNA coding and non-coding sequences investigated an...