Behavioral Strategies Of Jankowski’s Bunting Response To Interspecific Brood Parasite And Predator

Due to strict habitat requirements, habitat fragmentation and human disturbance, natural disasters and other factors, the population quantity of Jankowski’s Bunting(Emberiza jankowskii) declined year by year, it has been up-graded as Endangered by the world conservation union(IUCN) in 2010. Predation and interspecific brood parasitic were two important factors that influence the reproductive success of Jankowski’s Bunting. Predation would terminate the reproduction, and interspecific brood parasitic lowered reproductive success rate. To investigate weather Jankowski’s Bunting can recognize the predator and interspecific brood parasites and behavioral response difference to predator and brood parasites, dummy experiment was conducted at a lu ke er qin Banner in chi feng city and zha lu te Banner in tong liao city of Inner Mongolia During May-July in 2014 and 2015. And we also recorded reproductive parameter of Jankowski’s Bunting.In two years, 108 nest site were found, 71 of them successfully laid egg, 25 of them successfully hatched. 10 of them successfully flied, reproductive success rate was 9.26 percent, 325 egg were detected, 45 chicks successfully flied, reproductive survival rate was 13.84 percent. Average clutch size was 4.98±0.50.Dummy experiment found that Jankowski’s Bunting behave to the predator kestrels(Falco tinnunculus) with the strongest level; they would attract the same individual in breeding area to face with a common enemy. The number returned were the maximum, they tend to quickly fly to the dummy, and the number were the maximum. The alarm call level were the highest. The response of Jankowski’s Bunting declined from common cuckoo(Cuculus canorus) to Oriental turtle dove(Streptopelia orientalis). some of femalesenteredthe site and continued to hatch.The results showed that Jankowski’s Bunting can recognize predators and interspecific brood parasitic. Under the predation risk, they would reduce the current reproductive investment and pledged their survival rates. Under the interspecific brood parasitic risk and risk-free, they would increase reproductive investment and raise the offspring reproductive success.