Eco-environmental Impact Assessment Of Comprehensive Programming Of The Tongtian River And The Source Region Of The Yangtze River

Tongtian River and the source region of the Yangtze River, located in the hinterland of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, is consist of the source region of the Yangtze River and the low reaches of the Tongtian River, the valley area of about 137700 square kilometres,1174 km long. Tongtian River and the source region of the Yangtze River is one of the important high altitudes area of biodiversity in China, even in the world, due to comprehensive effects of the geographic locations, geography, climate characteristics,soil types and other factors.Deterioration of the environment has become more and more serious, and multiple ecological problems,such as the grassland degradation, desertification, shrinkage of wetlands. It was caused by the change of natural environment and unreasonable activities.The comprehensive programming of the Tongtian River and the source region of the Yangtze River in accordance with the present situation and existing problems, put forward a four systems of water resources and aquatic environment protection, flood mitigation, water resources utilization and valley management consisting mainly of nine professional planning. Although construction of comprehensive programming was improved to economic efficiency and social efficiency, but the engineering construction to the influence of ecological environment and the ecological problems are becoming more and more outstanding.Based on remote sensing interpretation route investigation and sample investigation, this paper analyzes the present characteristics of terrestrial ecosystem of the evaluated area, the environment quality of the ecological environment functions as well as future trends; and then analyzes the impact of comprehensive programming of the Tongtian River and the source region of the Yangtze River on terrestrial ecosystem, to provide a scientific basis for the comprehensive programming and the next step of the optimization of the engineering program feasibility studies, mental management, and project decisions; finally, the corresponding eco-protection measures for programming the adverse impact on the environment are put forward. The main results of this research by adopting various estimating method in drawing the conclusion are as follow:(1) Ecosystem in assessment area is divided into forest ecosystem, grassland ecosystem, farmland ecosystem, wetland ecosystem, urban/village ecosystem, other types of ecosystem. Among them, grassland ecosystem is an important part of the assessment area terrestrial ecosystems with the largest area, number of plaques and the largest landscape dominance. Implementation of Comprehensive programming will have a limited impact on the productivity of the entire assessment area, ecosystems Shannon diversity index have some change. Over time, terrestrial ecosystems will be a new balance, it will not have a devastating effect on regional ecological structure and function of the system.(2) There are 74 families,341 genera,1140 species of vascular plants and the angiosperms were the subject in assessment area. Temperate was dominant in assessment area among the level of family and genus, which reveals that the flora is temperate in nature. Most plants are perennial herbs, shrubs and herbaceous are given priority to alpine species. This paper divides the natural vegetation of assessment area into 7 vegetation type groups,8 vegetation types,28 formation. Implementation of Comprehensive programming occupied part of the plant habitats, reducing the number of plants. Since the affected area is small, and the vegetation is the common types in assessment area. The construction will have little impact on the plant.(3) There are 24 orders,55 families,202 species of terrestrial vertebrates. The results of the fauna indicate that palaearctic species were dominant ones, that 182 species belong to palaearctic species,10 to oriental species,10 to widespread species.There are the largest number of birds, mammal second, while the amphibians and reptiles are least. Implementation of comprehensive programming may occupied part of the animal habitats. Construction noise will disturb the animal. Since animals have the ability to avoid influence, there are more alternative habitats around construction area, the effect is affordable.The significance of this thesis in:through the study on eco-environment impact assessment of comprehensive programming of the Tongtian River and the source region of the Yangtze River, the dissertation complemented and improved the status data of Tongtian River and the source region of the Yangtze River. In the eco-environmental impact assessment of the comprehensive programming,the related theoretical studies and the actual evaluation work carried out late, assessment methods and systems are still in the explore research, there are still many questions. The lessons learned from case of eco-environment impact assessment of comprehensive programming.