Research On Shandong Flood During Ming Dynasty

In the process of social development, natural disaster has always been a major problem for human beings. Natural disaster affects grain and stability of state power. So, famine prevention is an important content of national politics every since.The Ming Dynasty, temperature was low, frequency of natural disasters was high, and was being in’little ice age of Ming and Qing dynasty’. Among them, the flood has great influence of politics,economy and culture, whicht was occupied the top three firmly in a variety of natural disasters of the Ming DynastyShandong in the Ming Dynasty was not only one of the thirteen administrative divisions, but also the barriers of Beijing. So the ruler paid high attention to Shandong because of its important political and geographical position. Although Shandong in the north of China, it was a flood area. And it was influenced by natural and social factor. Read the relevant literature, there are floods in Shandong almost every year, it had brought great harm. to the local economic development and people’s normal agricultural production in the Ming Dynasty.The phenomenon of frequent floods in Shandong province during the Ming dynasty, they were recorded by the literatures at that time.The text was divided into six chapters to describe the Shandong’s floods during the Ming Dynasty.At first,this paper introduced the general situation of Shandong in the Ming Dynasty, including the natural geography environment and the change of political area in Shandong.The geographical location and climate characteristics of Shandong were the important factors that affact the flood frequency in this area according to analysisde the Shandong’s general situation.Moreover,the rulers paid attention to this area because of Shandong’s political position. Second,we statisticsed on the occurrence of floods in Shandong during the Ming Dynasty which based on the Shandong’s floods of’Ming record’.And analysised of temporal and spatial characteristics of flood occurrence in Shandong,which was concluded that summer and autumn are frequent flood season.The flood occurrence in the plain area was more than that of the hills and mountains.Third,through the analysis of the occurrence of floods, it was learned that the frequent floods in Shandong during the Ming Dynasty, not only had the influence of social factors, for example the excessive immigration reclamation, the weak water conservancy project, the heavy taxes and so on; but also had the influence of nature factors, for example the’little ice age of Ming and Qing dynasty’, the Yellow River burst, the monsoon climate and so on.Forth,it introduced the important problems by Shandong’s flood during the Ming Dynasty.For example,resulting in agricultural production, a large number of displaced people to move away from home, the plague, the social order is unstable and so on.The rulers paid attention to the treatment of flood because of the problem’s importance.Fifth,it introduced the action was taken by the government of the Ming Dynasty after the flood.It included the disaster prevention measures and disaster relief measures.The disaster prevention measures included the agriculture development,water conservancy facilities construction and warehousing preparedness construction.The disaster relief measures included the reporting disaster,inspect disaster,remitting,relief and folding.And we learned that the government takes act on weakly, after the flood with the gradual decline of the national power of the Ming Dynasty.Sixth,at the same time it discussed the influence of Shandong’s flood for the political situation at that time, such as the financial burden, the official corruption and so on.At last,in depth analysised and researched on the flood situation in Shandong during the Ming Dynasty had far significance and reference function for the agricultural production and the development of the national economy.