Spatial And Temporal Characteristics Analysis Of Typical Weather Disasters In Shandong During Ming And Qing Dynasties

This thesis is mainly doing some collecting and organizing on the historical datum of Shandong Province,China in Qing and Ming Dynasties.It also builds some data bases respectively.At the same time,it deals with the vectorization of the administrative boundary figures of Shandong Province,China in Qing and Ming Dynasties.According to the basis of classification,the article divides hail damages and storm surge disasters into different levels.It sentences how to rebuild the typhoon of Qing and Ming Dynasties by using typhoon recognizing data and times.Also,it studies distribution characteristics in different times and spaces of typical weather disasters in Shandong,by using many different ways,such as statistics,wavelet analysis method,spatial interpolation,Mann-Kendallnonparametric and so on.According to all of these studies,the article makes the following conclusions:(1)The hail damages in Shandong of Qing and Ming Dynasties mainly concentrate onthe middle and later periods.The happening of hail damages obviously presents periodical characteristics,mainly in April,May and August.This also present its seasonal characteristics.In the middle and later periods of Ming Dynasty,the hail damages have cycles of 3-6a,13a,21a and 44a.The hail damages of Qing Dynasty has three obvious cycles,and they are 8a,20-30a and 70a.In Ming Dynasty,the times of hail damages in the counties of Shandong has distinct concentrative features,mainly in Zibo and Wucheng.It has two distinct zonal distributions,one is from the north-east mountain area of luzhong to the north of Shandong,the other one is located in the north-west of Shandong,which has more coastal regions in north part than south.In Qing Dynasty,the counties in Shandong were attacked widely by the disasters,and the hail damages happened more in mountain areas than plains,which were mostly in north-west part of Shandong and east part of luzhong.In Qing and Ming Dynasties,the hail damages of different levels in Shandong has distinct regional differences,which were mainly affected by terrain and climate.(2)According to the typhoon's recognizing data and sentencing times,rebuild typhoon's frequency sequence.It's said that there were 55 times of typhoon events in Ming Dynasty and 132 times in Qing Dynasty.It shows that typhoon changed in different stages.The typhoon changed suddenly around the years of 1650,1630,1840,1852,and 1860.The typhoon mainly happened in June and July every year.In Ming Dynasty,the frequency of typhoon in Shandong has a periodical change of 2a,7a,17a and 29a.And that in Qing Dynasty is 5a,7-8a,14a and 25a.In Ming Dynasty,the typhoon in Shandong focused on the north of ludong,the area of Jiaodong peninsula and bohai gulf.While in Qing Dynasty,the areas in Shandong province that were affected by typhoon were Zhucheng county,mainly in Jiaodong peninsula,South-east coastal areas,Laizhou Bay and so on.There were more typhoons in coastal areas than that in inland regions.(3)There were 17 storm surges in total in the later period of Ming Dynasty,which presents the change of wave characteristics.There were 53 storm surge disasters in Ming Dynasty,which happened mainly in the early period of 18 and 19 century.These disasters were ordinary.The storm surge disasters of Ming and Qing Dynasties mainly took place in Bohai area,and they were always terrible.The storm surge disasters in Shandong Province has obvious concentration in the special distribution.For example,the disasters mainly happened in Bohai area.The storms came mainly in Spring,which was caused by the cold current and warm and cold masses.The second one was Yellow Seas.In the coastal areas of Jiaodong peninsula,the storms happened mainly in Summer or Autumn,which were caused by typhoon.