| Xinghua Bay is the biggest bedrock Bay in Fujian province. And it is one of the key development planning and construction of the province’s deepwater harbor port industrial base. It is the most concentrated area of economic development in Fujian Province. Xinghua Fuqing Bay Wetland is a typical representative of the coastal wetlands in Fujian Bay, there are the diversity of wetlands types and with a large area of muddy tidal flat wetlands.Xinghua Fuqing Bay is located in East Asia-Australia on the migratory route of migratory birds, and bird resources are also very rich. It is an important wetland in Fujian province.In recent years,Xinghua Fuqing Bay wetlands are more and more attention from domestic and international research scholars o This is not only conducive to the protection of the biodiversity and habitat of birds in Xinghua Fuqing Bay, but also to promote the construction of ecological civilization demonstration zone in Fujian province and promote the local economic and social sustainable development is of great significance.During 2014 to 2015, this study investigated of Xinghua Fuqing Bay area, in four different habitat types as aquaculture farms, intertidal salt marsh, silt beach and mangrove, which recorded of wintering waterbirds species, the number, the location of distribution, habitat types. With the number of direct counting records in the investigation area of waterbirds, the survey mainly by foot, and location survey point used by GPS. The analysis of Fuqing Xinghua Bay wetland utilization of winter waterbirds in 4 different habitats.The investigation of important rare and endangered birds in wetland. Finally, the status and restoration strategies of wetland protection in Xinghua Bay of Fuqing were discussed. The mainly results are as follows:1. This study in Fuqing Xinghua bay were recorded waterbirds in a total of 29 species belonging to 6 sorders 9 families and 17 genera. The wetland in Fujian province accounted for 185 of the total number of 15.7%.l family and 1 species in Podicipediformes and Pelacaniformes,1 family and 6 species in Anseriformes,1 family and 5 species in Lariformes,2 family and 6 species in Ciconiiformes,3 family and 14 species in Charadriiformes, Charadriiformes’species and population are the largest. A total of 6 orders winter waterbirds have Podicipediformes and Pelacaniformes two orders are single species family.According to the birds divided by geographical region.there have 24 species were paleartics,3 species were oriental and 2 species were wide distributive species.The mainly of waterbirds resident is wintering,there have 24 species.1 dominant species is Calidris alpine,9 common species such as Charadrius alexandrines, Anas clypeata, Larus ridibundus, Numenius arquata, Larus saundersi and so on.19 rare species such as Pluvialis dominica, Tadorna tadorna, Ardea cinerea, Anas poecilorhyncha, Platalea minor, Pluvialis squatarola and so on.2. In this study, the Xinghua Fuqing Bay Wetland was divided into 4 types, which were aquaculture farm, intertidal salt marsh, silt beach, mangrove forest. In bird species composition, aquaculture farm is greater than intertidal salt marsh is greater than silt beach is greater than mangrove forest. In terms of waterbirds populations, silt beach populations (15417) is greater than aquaculture farm populations (10726) is greater than intertidal salt marsh populations (2650) is greater than mangrove forest populations (1150). The diversity of different habitat types in wintering waterbirds species display that aquaculture farm bird species diversity index (2.89) is greater than intertidal salt marsh bird species diversity index (2.1)is greater than silt beach bird species diversity index (1.34) is greater than mangrove forest bird species diversity index (0.68). From the bird species diversity index and G-F index analysis that the silt beach and intertidal salt marsh species diversity is more abundant.Their species diversity index and G-F index respectively were (1.34), (0.321) and (2.1), (-0.009). The order of aquatic birds there are significant differences in habitat use. Podicipediformes only distribution in aquaculture, Ciconiiformes preference for aquaculture and silt beach wetland types. Analysis the population quantity and species of waterbirds in different habitat types area conclusion that:the aquaculture species, populations are large, their species and population quantity respectively were 25 and 10726.Silt beach area is the largest species of 20 species less than 25 in aquaculture farms, population quantity were 15417.1ntertidal salt marshes and mangrove forest are relatively small. The waterbirds species and population quantity of intertidal salt marshes respectively were 12 and 2650 more than 3 species and population of 1150 in mangrove forest. Analysis the waterbirds in different habitat types of ecological types and distribution conclusion that,Fuqing Xinghua Bay wetland waterbirds wader have dominant advantage. The silt marsh species and populations are the biggest, their species and population quantity respectively were 13 and 14340,followed by aquaculture farms respectively were 13 and 7241.Aquaculture farm, intertidal salt marshes, silt beaches are similar.The main distribution of wader, there are some swimming bird distribution.The distribution of the mangrove forest were wading, their species and population quantity respectively were 3 and 1150.To sum up, silt beach is a natural wetland used by waterbirds in Fuqing Xinghua bay, Artificial wetland aquaculture farms waterbirds species, populations and species diversity were greater. It is in the important position of waterbirds habitat.3. The study of endangered birds actual recorded a total of 11 species. There are 3 species national conservation bird with Platalea minor, Anser Albifrons and Platalea leucorodia. Platalea minor recorded more than 2% of the number of the world’s population in 2014,it is reach to Wetlands of International Importance standard 2 and 6. The protection of birds in Fujian province is mainly distributed in the field of aquaculture,there were Phalacrocorax carbo, Egretta garzetta, Egretta alba, Ardea cinerea, Numenius arquata, Larus argentatus, Larus saundersi, Tachybaptus ruficollis 8 species waterbirds.In 2015,there were recorded the number of 600 for Larus saundersi,it is accounted for 7% of the total global population and reach to Wetlands of International Importance standard 6.4. In order to alleviate the trend of further habitat fragmentation, loss and degradation in Fuqing Xinghua Bay Wetland, and protection and restoration of waterbirds in the high tide habitat, and combining research results analysis that: aquaculture is Fuqing Xinghua Bay wetland birds in the high tied utilization rate when selecting a typical habitat types are the highest. Analysis of the present situation of Xinghua Bay Wetland in Fuqing we discovered that, on the one hand, it is facing the development of artificial wetland reclamation and aquaculture farms in many aspects of the unreasonable development and utilization, environmental pollution and other threats; on the other hand, the wetland protection management mechanism is not perfect, the lack of management personnel, the people’s awareness of environmental protection is not high, which seriously affect the survival of wetland birds and habitat quality. According to the historical study of artificial aquaculture field habitat factors effect on waterbirds habitat selection, and combined with the Fuqing Xinghua Bay status analysis that:the key factors affecting the habitat restoration of Fuqing Xinghua Bay include water level, plant coverage, human disturbance, water surface area and so on. For waterbirds resources survey of Fuqing Xinghua Bay wetland aquaculture field key point, determined the restoration demonstration area. And according to the research of waterbirds community composition and distribution to restoration this area.To built waterbirds habitat construction in aquaculture field.Through a series of technical measures like water level regulation, ecological replenishment, create habitat island, plant construction, ecological farming to provide habitat for waterbirds when loss habitat in high tide. In order to protect the diversity of waterbirds species, as well as the objective function recovery of degraded wetlands... |
PDF Full Text Request