Study On Spatial Distribution Pattern And Dynamic Of Wetlands In Inner Mongolia Based On 3S Technology

A series of Landsat TM satellite dates were used as basic data sources, with remote sensing classification system of wetlands in Inner Mongolia, man-machine interactive interpretation were applied to extract wetlands information on year 1993 and 2013. The dynamic characteristics include quantity, spatial distribution, type transformation and spatial pattern of wetlands in Inner Mongolia were analyzed in the past 20 years. Finally, this paper tried to explore the driver forces of wetlands dynamic changes. Main conclusions are showed as below:(1)The paper contrasted the former methods of wetland classification systems and proposed a wetland classification system which is compatible to the study area itself based on remote sensing technology. The types of wetlands in Inner Mongolia were composed of river, lake, marsh, wet meadow, salt meadow and artificial wetland.(2)Collecting the relevant data, and processing pretreatments. Decision tree classification was adopted to extract the water part of wetlands automatically. Then man-machine interactive interpretation was applied which can improve accuracy of wetland extraction to extract the complete wetland information.(3)Wetland in Inner Mongolia has decreased by 7.77% on the whole. The total area of wetlands reached to 42188.75km2 in 1993, which decreased to 38912.76km2 in 2013.(4)Different wetland types have different variation tendency. River, lake, marsh and wet meadow have a distinctly reduction. Lake has declined most with 1673.83km2, which takes up 51.09% of total reduction. Though the areas of salt meadow and artificial wetland have increased by 407.02km2 and 45.00km2 from 1993 to 2013, the wetlands have a atrophic and degenerate trend in totality.(5)All type wetlands showed a trend of transformation between wetland and non-wetland and among different types of wetlands. There are 22.65% of river,16.1% of lake,8.94% of marsh,4.17% of wet meadow,15.76% of salt meadow and 8.05% of artificial wetlands have transformed to non-wetlands. There are 3.77% of river, 8.99% of lake,2.29% of marsh and 1.06% of wet meadow have transformed to salt meadow.(6)The spatial distribution and dynamic changes in Inner Mongolia wetlands have regional differentiation. Wetlands in the west zone decrease largely and rapidly. The spatial pattern present a stabilization of plaque dominance degree, and the plaque fragmentation has been seriously aggravated.