The Infection And MLST Analysis Of Endosymbionts Wolbachia In Spiders Of Mangshan Mountain

The endosymbiotic bacterium Wolbachia is a genus of bacterium that widespread lives in arthropods and nematodes. It manipulates the reproduction of its hosts, causing cytoplasmic incompatibility, parthenogenesis induction, feminization of genetic males and male-killing. Wolbachia spreads not only by the vertical transmission from female host to the offspring, but also by the horizontal transmission.In present thesis, spider specimens collected from Mangshan Mountain in Yizhang County, Hunan Province, China in August 2014 were identified. 56 spider species were screened for Wolbachia infection by PCR. The phylogenetic tree was constructed by wsp gene and Multi Locus Sequence Typing(MLST), and the phylogeny of Wolbachia was analysed. The transmission mode of Wolbachia was discussed based on the relationship of evolution between Wolbachia and spiders. The primary achievements of this thesis are listed as follows:(1)The spider specimens collected from Mangshan Mountain National Nature Reserve were identified. There are 56 species belonging to 35 genera of 14 families. The morphological description, the collection information and the geographical distribution of the 56 species were supplied in the thesis.(2)56 spider species including 959 individuals were screened for Wolbachia infection by PCR using wsp gene and Multi Locus Sequence Typing(MLST). The results showed 24 species were infected with Wolbachia, among which 21 were reported for the first time. The infection ratio of Mesida yini and Menosira ornata were the highest(100.00%), and that of Siler cupreus was lowest(3.70%).(3) 24 Wolbachia strains were found in 56 spider species using conserved gatB, hcpA, ftsZ, coxA and fbpA genes according to multilocus typing(MLST) analysis. 92 MLST alleles were found, among which 40 were novel alleles. All 5 genes(gatB, hcpA, ftsZ, coxA, fbpA) were detected in 10 spider species and all 10 strains belong to the same group — A group. The MLST phylogenetic tree of Wolbachia and CO I phylogenetic tree of spiders were constructed, and the two trees were incongruent. The results suggested it is possible that Wolbachia in spiders spreads by the horizontal transmission.