Dna Barcoding Of Achilidae Insects(Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea)

The planthopper family Achillidae(Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoroidea), Many species of Achilida may damage agricultural crops and forests. However, many species are difficulty to distinguish based on morphological characteristics. In this study, In this study, DNA barcode technology is applied to Achilidae for the first time. The base frequence, base substitutions and genetic distances of DNA sequences have been analyzed by using Clustal X I.81, DNAman, MEGA 5.05, softwares. Phylogentics signal have been tested via base substitution saturation analysis, Results show that There are strong Phylogenetics signal in the data tests. Based on the analyses of gene sequences, Were recostruct the Phylogenetic relationships of theses species from family level, By using Neighbor-Joining(NJ), Maximum Parsimony(MP), methods.Summarizing these results we can draw conclusion as follows:1. It is found that the average content of variable sites in mitochondrial COI, 16 S r DNA, Cytb and karyose gene 28 S r DNA and ITS are 81.2%、86.1%、83.1%、94% and 83.6%; and A+T content are 64.3%, 73.5%, 70.5%, 40.3% and 40.8%,which shows a strong A+T bias in mitochondrial gene.2. Sequence substitution saturation analysis indicates that the substitution is not saturated. Most transition occeurs between T and C, and most transversion occeurs between A and T.3. Genetic distances Ranges of Achilidae the COI, 16 S r DNA, Cytb, 28 S r DNA, ITS1 gene nucleotide divergences within geographical population were 0.000- 0.068, 0.000- 0.020, 0.000- 0.082, 0.000- 0.003, 0.000- 0.009; those among species of a given genus were 0.124- 0.180, 0.042- 0.211, 0.068- 0.095, 0.003- 0.010, 0.082- 0.178 and those among intergeneric of the same tribewere 0.140- 0.229, 0.101- 0.220, 0.087-0.258, 0.011- 0.276, 0.121- 0.520.4. Based on the comprehensive tree topologies. We can conclude:(1) Plectoderini is relatively young group in Achilidae which near the apex of phylogenetic tree; Rhotalini is relatively ancient group of Achilidae which near the base of phylogenetic tree.(2) Multiple gene show Spino + Usana; Catonidia + Rhota; Akotropis + Deferunda; Magadha + Betatropis; are consistently recovered as sister taxa.