The Study Of Reclamation’s Total Cost Compensation: Based On Marine Resource Pricing

With the rapid development of the world’s economy, many problems about the natural environment and natural resources arise, such as resource depletion, ecological degradation, etc. As a result, many coastal states turn to the ocean and try to exploit and take full advantage of marine resources. China is a country with vast maritime territory and abundant sea resources. These years, China’s marine economy is in good shape and its development has great potential. The 12th Five-Year Plan lists the development of marine economy as an important part of the economy development in China, and the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China puts forward of the dream of marine powerful nation. This proves that there is broad room for the development of marine economy in the future, which may effectively improve both the development of coastal economic zones and the development of national economy.Marine reclamation land is a typical way to exploit the marine. It has played an important role to develop lands’ area and space, expand room for development. At the same time, it undermines the habitats of marine life, resulting in damage to marine biological resources, bio-diversity reduction. It also causes problems such as marine environmental quality descending, and typical habitats have been severely damaged. Faced with social and economic benefits and marine ecological damage caused by reclamation, people must weigh the trade-offs between them, and balance the interests of all parties, to utilize marine resources effectively. Under the background, this paper uses labor theory of value, rent theory, marginal utility theory and learns from the natural resources pricing theory and existing price structure analysis of marine resources to analyze the marine resources pricing. And then marine resource price is divided into three parts:production costs, property costs and external ecological costs. This paper also introduces the assessment methods of the three costs. Throughout the history of China’s land reclamation and the development of pricing management in marine resources, unreasonable pricing of marine resources is the major cause of irrational allocation of marine resources. According to the analysis above, this paper takes the reclamation in the Jiaozhou bay as an example. In the research, this paper uses the user cost approach to calculate the property costs of marine resources caused by reclamation, and uses habitat equivalency analysis to estimate the external ecological costs. Meanwhile, this research makes a sensitivity analysis. The results indicate that the proportion of the sea-use payment to property costs increases gradually, but still fails to fully compensate the property costs; due to the lack of a clear legal basis for reclamation of ecological compensation, external ecological costs can’t be reasonably compensated. Finally, this paper combines its theory and empirical analysis, based on China’s current legislative situation, proposes to build a full cost recovery system of reclamation. This paper suggests formulate dynamic collection standard of the sea-use payment in order to achieve a reasonable compensation for the property costs; and also suggests establish ecological compensation mechanism of reclamation, improve the legal basis and clarify the subject of responsibility, by levying the marine ecological compensation to achieve a reasonable compensation for the external ecological costs. Thus economic means can be used to adjust the relationship among stakeholders of reclamation and achieve sustainable use of marine resources and marine ecosystem services’non-reduction purposes.