Examination Of Jakarta Coastal Flood Management Policy

Coastal area is a strategic geographical area. Therefore, rapid economic and population growth inevitably occur in coastal area. Unfortunately, rapid economic and population growth is not accompanied by good coastal urban development plan. The coastal development is more emphasized to meet market demand in the sense of, local government fulfilling investor’s needs and rarely considering environmental conditions, for example:land conversion from protected area to residential area. Thus, economic growth coupled with population growth which are not accompanied by good coastal urban development plan, will produce high pressure on coastal area. High pressure on coastal area could be measured in rapid land subsidence situation. Rapid land subsidence has been scientifically proven to make coastal flooding get worse over time.Coastal flooding is a great problem in north Jakarta. The coastal flooding from late 2007 caused by peaks of high tides attracted government and coastal community attention to the current coastal situation and condition. The coastal flooding issue must get more attention from the government due to its severe impact over time. The coastal flooding affects greatly the coastal community’s daily life and distribution of goods and services. The quick response of Jakarta province government to overcome coastal flooding issue was conducted through construction of seven sea dike in coastal area. Jakarta government in cooperation with central government has established two coastal flooding management policies, named JCDS (Jakarta Coastal Defense Strategy) and NCICD (National Capital Integrated Coastal Development). JCDS legalized through Jakarta Province Local Regulation No.1 Year 2012 regarding "Jakarta Spatial Planning in 2010-2030". NCICD legalized through Presidential Decree No. 2 Year 2015 regarding Medium Term National Development Plan Indonesia Government from 2015 to 2019 as derivation of the Master Plan for the Acceleration and Expansion of Economic Development of Indonesia. JCDS and NCICD are dominated by structural measures in order to provide coastal protection against coastal flooding. This study will examine and assess the effectiveness of these two policies, which emphasize the dominance of structural measures to provide coastal protection against coastal flooding.The first stage of the study is formulating the root cause of coastal flooding in Jakarta. Then, find the assumptions which underlie coastal flooding management policy. Afterwards, examine the assumptions, whether the assumptions have reflected the real conditions of coastal area or not. This study found that the assumptions which underlie Jakarta coastal flooding management policy did not reflect the existing reality. Therefore, this study propose some new assumptions as a correction of the existing assumptions. This study expects that Jakarta coastal flooding policy can address the coastal flooding issue through the use of new assumptions which is proposed. The use of new assumptions will modify the existing coastal flooding mitigation measures.This study briefly explains the importance of active public participation during policy-making process until implementation of coastal flooding management. This study will suggest the type of coastal flooding management which is appropriate for Jakarta coastal environmental to Jakarta province government. Coastal flooding management must be able to address the root cause of coastal flooding, when that happens it reduces not only the risk of coastal flooding but also coastal vulnerability against floods. Improvements of coastal resilience will be in line with the process of restoring environmental carrying capacity to overcome extreme coastal flooding. Finally, coastal area will be an attractive and safe place to live and work at.