The Study Of Quantum Secret Sharing Protocol Based On Entanglement State

Quantum cryptography is based on quantum non-cloning and classical communication technology, which is a combination of quantum mechanics and cryptography, it is the focus of attention and study among password researchers.A lot of new hot research directions derive from quantum cryptography, such as quantum key distribution, quantum identity authentication and quantum secret sharing, etc. While the latter is one of most popular derivative direction, the essential idea of the secret sharing is that quantum state can be divided into several independent small parts, any individual part of the participants can not get the quantum state secret information independently, only after each separate cooperation, they can get effective information, in contrast to traditional cryptography, correspondent eavesdroppers can be found in the quantum cryptography communication process in addition to the legal.This paper mainly study on quantum secret sharing scheme. And according to different characteristics of secret sharing of quantum state, three new schemes are provided.(1)With a three-particle GHZ entangled state as the quantum channel, a quantum secret sharing scheme is proposed, which realize the unknown three-particle quantum secret sharing, and the safety of the scheme is analyzed. It uses the measurement of GHZ state and X-basic on the particles, finally it will realize the three quantum states secret sharing by using the corresponding unitary transformation.(2)The second scheme is a secret sharing four particle cluster state of N quantum state, the fourparticle cluster state as the quantum channel was proposed to achieve the N-qubit secret sharing,the cluster state is non-maximally entangled state, but it is stronger than the maximally entangled state, the correspondents Alice adds auxiliary particle, measuring the five particles with joint measurement. Bob(Charlie) uses the single particle on the received particles, and sends the results and corresponding operation of recovering quantum state to the Charlie(Bob). According to the information from Bob(Charlie), some corresponding operation on the particles was made by Charlie(Bob), making the quantum states with the quantum circuit according to the need of sharing states.(3)Based on the issue that the quantum secret sharing was limited to the maximally entangled state, a scheme for quantum state sharing of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit state by using entangled state as quantum channel is proposed. The sender Alice using the Bell measurement and then thereceiver Bob or Charlie using the single particle measurement, the participant chooses the right joint unitary operation according to the results from Alice and the signal measurement, which can realize arbitrary N-qubit secret sharing. The eavesdropping analysis shows explicitly that the three schemes are secure and these can resist the external eavesdropper and internal dishonest participant.