By Unmanned Aerial System Produce Digital Orthographic Map(DOM) And Application In Wind Farm For Monitoring The Ecological Dynamic Changes

The UAV(Unmanned aerial vehicle) first appeared at the beginning of XX century, began to be used military purposes, then gradually in the field of scientific research has been widely used, nowadays, UAV plays an important role in civilian field and more fields. Computer technology and global positioning system(GPS) of rapid development, has brought the reform leap for UAV technology, has also brought a new direction for the development of UAV technology. At the same time, the UAV sensors and accessories has been sustained and rapid development. As 2013, a total of 85 countries worldwide used UAV technology in military, civil and other fields of scientific research.UAS(Unmanned aerial system) is a kind of low altitude remote sensing system, this system is less time-consuming and expensive, technological process is simple and easy to learn, and the climate condition and lifting site requirements etc. In addition, the system has the characteristics of high working efficiency, can obtain high resolution image data. These advantages, make up for shortcomings of the traditional aerial photography and satellite aerial system. However, the UAS also has some shortcomings: air current; payload is small, cannot bear the professional measurement camera, but on the nonmetric camera(CCD camera) to achieve aerial image; effective area is small; flight attitude instability etc. But the system is still in the low investment cost, high effective rate of aerial system.This study combines with practical application, describes the UAS data acquisition, data pretreatment, accuracy evaluation, on the basis of this, generate the corresponding products in Kailu county of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Tongliao city, “Ikhtala” wind farm digital orthophoto map(DOM). The study area in 2008 and 2013 satellite image, UAV aerial image contrast, combined with field investigation, analysis of 5 years of time, influence of wind farm construction on the regional ecological environment. And in the same process, compares the differences of the UAS and other systems, through an application example summed up the characteristics of the UAS in practical application.Ecological acceptance of wind farm construction mainly from the ecological environmental, land cover, landscape ecological changes and wind power generators around the electromagnetic wave, noise evaluation and acceptance. In this study, the UAV technology support, mainly by land cover and vegetation coverage and other aspects, and in combination with other evaluation index, evaluation of “Ihktala” wind farm construction impact on the study area.“Ikhtala” wind farm is located in the northwest of Horqing sandy land, flat terrain, which belongs to the temperate continental monsoon climate, abundant wind resources. Wind farm a total area of 3248.66 hectares, of which, before and after the construction of wind farm a total of 854.18 hectares(26.3%) surface changes obviously. Grassland area in largest proportion. In 2008 the sandy area larger than the area of cultivated land, later, wind farm built by the end of 2013, the sand area gradually reduced, has been less than the cultivated area. In 2008 and 2013 by image analysis of Land use changes index* of five years. Within five years, the biggest change of cultivated land area, a total increase of 258.68 hectares(31.38*), is the largest sandy land area decreased, it decreased 182.89 hectares(-11.34*). To 2013, the vegetation area increased by 193.41 hectares, and the relative, sandy land and water area decreased. The vegetation coverage area, grassland area decreased 95.35 hectares, the area of cultivated land and forest land increased by 258.62 hectares and 30.14 hectares.The biggest change in the construction of wind farms in the region are brought to the sand area is greatly reduced, and transformed to grassland, cultivated land and forest land, this is the main reason of the increase of vegetation coverage. The natural and artificial forest area and the increase of the density of sand reduction plays the most important role.