The Complete Mitochondrial Genome Of Three Butterfly Species And Phylogenetic Analysis Of Rhopalocera

Butterfly is a large class of Lepidoptera, there are about more than 14,000 kinds of butterflies in the world.They are distributed throughout the world except the polar cold area, America with most varieties.In Taiwan, Asia, the butterfly varieties are relatively numerous, and it has become an important mode of organism in insect genome sequencing.This study used the conventional PCR technology, sequencing the complete mitochondrial genome of Papilio helenus, Papilio bianor and Stichophthalma louisa, EF-1a of Stichophthalma louisa, Euploea midamus, Lamproptera curius and Ampittia dioscorides.And combined with butterfly species genome and correspongding nuclear gene EF-1a that have been public in GenBank.Respectively use Neighbor Joining, Maximum parsimony method and Bayesian Inference to construct 12 phylogenetic trees of butterfly species. The main research content and conclusions are as follows:1. GenBank accession numbers of the complete mitochondrial genome of the three butterflies are respectively:Papilio helenus is KP247522, Papilio bianor is KF859738 and Stichophthalma louisa is KP247523.The length of mitochondrial genome of the three butterflies are respectively: Papilio helenus is 15607bp, Papilio bianor is 15357bp and Stichophthalma louisa is 15721bp. GenBank accession numbers of EF-la of the four butterflies are respectively: Stichophthalma louisa is KP153248, Euploea midamus is KP153246, Lamproptera curius is KP153247, Ampittia dioscorides is KP153245. The length of EF-la of the four butterflies are respectively:Stichophthalma louisa is 1037bp, Euploea midamus is 1034bp, Lamproptera curius is 1037bp, Ampittia dioscorides is 1037bp. The length of EF-la is used 913bp in constructing phylogenetic tree.They all contained 13 PCGs,22 tRNA genes,2 rRNA genes and an A+T-riched region.2. In the complete mitochondrial genome of the three butterflies, the content of AT are repectively:Papilio helenus is 80.21%, Papilio bianor is 80.61% and Stichophthalma louisa is 79.70%.They all have an obvious AT bias.3. All protein-coding genes of the three butterflies are initiated by typical ATN codons, except for COI begins with the CGA codon. The three butterflies are using the TAA as the main termination codon, and they all exist incomplete termination codon T and TA.4.1n the tRNA genes two stage structure of the three butterflies, All tRNAs show the classic clover-leaf structure, except that the dihydrouridine arm of tRNASer(AGY) forms a simple loop.5.The length of the A+T riched region of the three butterflies are respectively:Papilio helenus is 753bp, Papilio bianor is 528bp and Stichophthalma louisa is 909bp.The content of AT in A+T riched region are respectively:Papilio helenus is 92.9%, Papilio bianor is 93.37% and Stichophthalma louisa is 95.27%.They all contain repeated sequences (AT)n or (TA)n which similar with microsatellite.And contain Poly A or Poly T.6.The 12 phylogenetic trees in this study, the main support system development relationship is (((Nymphalidae+Satyridae+Danaidae)+(Pieridae+Lycaenidae)+Hesperiidae)+ Papilionidae).