The Mitochondrial Genome Of Two Specis Of Papilio And The Study Of Molecular Evolution

In this present thesis,the mitochondrial genome sequences of two species of swallowtail butterflies(Graphium sarpedon and Chilasa clytia) were analyzed and the corresponding sequence andcombining swallowtail butterflies has measured the whole sequence species were compared.And use the 13 protein-coding genes constructed swallowtail butterflies of the phylogenetic tree.This paper studies two kinds of mitochondrial genome swallowtail butterflies with exactly the same gene content and gene orders Lepidoptera in most insects. T he results showed that Graphium sarpedo and Chilasa clytia have a total of 37 gen es in their mitochondrial genome.The length of sequence were 16005bp and 15281 bp,respectively.Sameas the other Lepidopteran insects, it includes 22 tRNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes, two rRNA gene and an A+T-rich region.In the Graphium sarpedon mitochondrial genome, there were 8 gene spacer sequence, whose length rang from 1-38bp,One of the biggest gap was between tRNAIle and ND2 gene.Neither genes interval nor overlap were 14, overlapping gene were 12, and the gene overlap area was between 1-8 bp.In the Chilasa clytia mitochondrial genome, there were 13 gene spacer sequence, whose length rang from 1-52bp,One of the biggest gap was between tRNAIle and ND2 gene.Neither genes interval nor overlap were 12, overlapping gene were 12, and the gene overlap area was between 1-20 bp.These two butterflies in the mitochondrial genome contained 22 tRNA. The tRNA gene length range from 61 bp (tRNAser) to 71 bp (tRNALys).All except tRNAser had the typical structure of clover. Gene tRNASer(AGN) missing DHU arm, instead of a simple loop formation, it was found in insects.Graphium sarpedon and Chilasa clytia mitochondrial genome of A+T-rich region were located between srRNA genes and tRNAIle. Length is 1126 bp and 454 bp, respectively.The mtDNA information of other 14 species of swallowtail superfamily together with Theresults showed that there were high conservative in all the species and the mitochondrial genome has further proved the insects genes of stable, relatively conservative and other properties.Based on 13 protein-coding genes in drosophila melanogaster in outside the group, and even Graphium sarpedon and Chilasa clytia,16 species has carried on the analysis of system evolution.The results show that the two branches is formed within the swallowtail division.One of the beach has papillio maackii、papilio syfanius、papilio bianor、papilio dardanus、papilio machaon、papilio polytes、papilio maraho、Chilasa clytia、troides aeacus and teinopalpus aureus. And the other has luehdorfia Taibai、lamproptera curius、 graphium timur、Graphium sarpedon and atrophaneura alcinous.