Micro-landform Information Obtains And Landscape Pattern Analyses Of Dumps Based On Digital Terrain Analysis

With the development of GIS and spatial analysis, the technology of GIS is increasingly used in every field of geography. It becomes easier to obtain the information of land use and topography through GIS in land science. At the same time, with the development of landscape ecology, the characteristics of land use and function reflecting by the analysis of landscape has become a hot research topic in land field.In this study, we take Pingshuo mining plot as our studyingarea. We use DEM to analyze the positive and negative landforms of this area, then we define four basic types of micro-landform: depression, platform, slope and flat. We extract macro and microlandform factors to analyze spatial distribution several of landscape pattern of types of micro-landforms.The main results are as follows:(1)This paper divide the structure of topographical factors which could reflect terrain information in both macro and micro levels and finally define four basic types micro-landform as depression, platform, slope and flat by methods of geomorphology.(2)This paper extract and analyze macro and micro-landform factors and find out features of different types of landform. We use methods of hydrological analysis and spatial analysis and Terrain-inverting to extract micro-landform of studyingarea. This is an effective way to extract micro-landform.(3)We analyze the feature of landscape patterns based on slope, aspect and elevation. The results show: there is little difference of all types of landscape patterns in aspect and the heterogeneity of landscape spatial is in low level. The altitude of slope is the result of depositing of human being and it has little impact about landscape spatial. Landscape spatial changes very slowly by the raise of altitude and the slope of all types of landform are between 0°-30°.As the slope rises, landscape diversity and evenness gradually reduce.(4)We select eight landscape indices(The number of plaques, The proportion of area of landscape, landscape shape index,contagion,dominance,fragmentation,Shannon diversity index and Shannon evenness index) to analyze the relationship between landscape patterns and micro-landform. The results show the fragmentation in slope is highest in all micro-landform and the shapes of plaques in slope are most complex. The fragmentation in platform is lowest and the shapes of plaques are regular. From depression-platform-slope- flat, the Shannon diversity index and Shannon evenness index and spatial heterogeneity are increasing by degrees.(5) In order to eliminate errors by the difference in area. We select west-slope of AnTaibao coalmine which are reclaimed and inner-slope of AnJialing coalmine which are not reclaimed to analyze the difference of landscape patterns in micro-landform. The results show: the contagion and landscape shape index of this two slopes have the same regular patterns of other slopes. The numerical values of fragmentation, Shannon diversity index and Shannon evenness index which were effected by human activities and reclamation of west-slope of AnTaibao coalmine are all beyond the value of innerslope of AnJialing coalmine.