Research On Earthquake Disaster Formation Mechanism And Disaster Reduction In Rural Area Of Gansu Province

China is located between the Pacific seismic belt and the Eurasian seismic belt, which isan earthquake-prone country. The statistical analysis results of historical earthquake data showthat the most earthquakes have occurred in the rural areas of our country. Gansu Province islocated in northwest of the Qinghai-Tibet active blocks, composite region of North-Southseismic belt and Hexi corridor Qilian Mountains seismic tectonic zone. It is one of the mostseismically active spots on the Chinese mainland.Historical earthquake statistics show that more than90%earthquakes occurred in ruralarea; more than85%of the economic loss caused by the earthquake was in the rural area. As aresult, the vast countryside is a major disaster area of earthquake damage, and is also one ofthe important areas of earthquake disaster reduction. The seriousness of the earthquakedisaster in rural area embody in three aspects: on the one hand, compared with cities, the ruraldistribution area is large, thus the probability of earthquake occurred in countryside is morelarger than that in cities. On the other hand, complex landforms and weak infrastructure makerural area show its frangibility of the ability of resist earthquake disasters. Thirdly, the lagginginfrastructures, such as medical care, transportation and communication, make it moredifficult for post-earthquake emergency relief. Therefore, to do a good job of earthquakeprevention and disaster reduction in rural area, improving the rural housing conditions,strengthening the construction of infrastructure, reducing the loss in the maximum degreecaused by earthquake disasters, not only has very important and urgent practical significance,but it also is the need for building a harmonious development new socialist countryside,which has the ability to resist all kinds of natural disasters.This paper selects the rural area in southeast of Gansu as the research object, throughconsulting a large number of related reference material, such as documents, study reports, thelaws，papers，books，journals, and fieldwork in southeast of Gansu, summarized the presentsituation, characteristics and the seismic risk of the rural area, analyzed its ability to resistearthquake disasters. We take southern Wudu M8.0earthquake in1879, Wenchuan Ms8.0earthquake in2008and Minxian-Zhangxian Ms6.6earthquake in2013for example, whichoccurred in southeastern Gansu.This paper analyzed the ability of resist earthquake disasters in rural area and earthquakedisaster formation mechanism in terms of rural buildings earthquake damage and seismic secondary disasters. The earthquake disaster formation mechanism of rural area in Gansu isanalyzed from the earthquake itself factors, rural social and economic factors and naturalenvironmental factors. According to the status and characteristics of rural area in our province,combined with the earthquake disaster reduction work policy of our country--"giving priorityto precautions and combining precautions and relieves", from earthquake disastersprevention,earthquake emergency and post-earthquake reconstruction, this article put forwardsome appropriate countermeasures of prevent earthquake disasters in rural areas of Gansuprovince for reference.